【摘要】 目的 分析北京市中小学体育与健康课程中健康教育课的实施现状,为下一阶段中小学健康教育相关规范制度的制定和完善提供数据依据。方法 2023年3—4月,采用方便抽样方法选择北京市7个区作为调查点,采用整群抽样方法对7个区3354名体育老师开展线上问卷调查。描述性分析北京市中小学体育与健康课程中健康教育课的实施情况,应用χ~2检验分析不同地区、不同类型学校健康教育课开展情况的差异。结果 73.43%的学校每学期在体育与健康课程中安排健康教育课≥4学时,26.57%的学校<4学时。高中、完全中学安排健康教育课≥4学时的比例均低于其他学段学校(P均<0.05)。98.75%的学校体育与健康课程中健康教育课有教学计划,99.25%的学校有教学目标。9.69%的学校体育与健康课程中健康教育课没有教师教学用书,41.44%没有学生教材,33.84%没有教具。郊区学校没有教具的比例高于城区(χ~2=6.017,P=0.014)。18.19%的学校对体育与健康课程中健康教育课没有考核、评价机制。初中、一贯制学校没有考核、评价机制的比例高于小学(χ~2=6.983,P=0.008;χ~2=5.263,P=0.022)。92.01%的学校每学期组织体育老师进行1次及以上的健康教育培训,7.99%的学校未组织培训。郊区学校未组织培训的比例高于城区(χ~2=11.182,P=0.001),高中学校未组织培训的比例高于小学、完全中学(χ~2=17.563,P<0.001;χ~2=10.675,P=0.001)。结论 北京市中小学体育与健康课程中,健康教育课在实施过程中存在课时数不足,缺乏教材教具、考核评价机制等问题,应不断完善学校健康教育体系,有效提升健康教育课及学校健康教育的效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the current situation of health education in physical education and health curriculum in primary and secondary schools in Beijing,and to provide data for the next stage of policy adjustment on health education in primary and secondary schools.Methods Using convenient sampling method,seven districts in Beijing were selected as survey sites.By using cluster sampling method,an online questionnaire survey was conducted among 3354 physical education teachers in these seven districts.Descriptive analysis was used for the implementation of health education lecture in physical education and health curriculum in primary and middle schools in Beijing.χ~2 test was used to analyze the differences of health education lectures in different areas and types of schools.Results 73.43% of schools arranged health education lectures in physical education and health curriculum for at least 4 hours per semester,while 26.57% of schools arranged lectures less than 4 hours.The proportion of high school and fully high school arranging health education lectures with 4 or more hours was lower than other school stages(all P <0.05).98.75% of schools had teaching plans for health education in physical education and health curriculum,and 99.25% of schools had teaching objectives.9.69% of school did not have textbook for teachers,41.44% not having textbooks for students,and 33.84% not having teaching aids.The proportion of suburban schools without teaching aids was higher than that in urban areas(χ~2=6.017,P=0.014).18.19% of schools had no assessment or evaluation mechanism.The proportions of no assessment and evaluation mechanisms in middle schools and continuous schools were higher than that of primary schools(χ~2=6.983,P=0.008;χ~2=5.263,P=0.022).92.01% of schools organized physical education teachers to receive health education training at least once in a semester,while 7.99% of schools did not organize training.The proportion of no training in suburban schools was higher than that in urban areas(χ~2=1.182,P=0.001),and the proportion of no training in high school schools was higher than that in primary and complete secondary schools(χ~2=17.563,P <0.001;χ~2=10.675,P=0.001).The proportion of unorganized training in suburban schools was higher than that in urban areas(χ~2=1.182,P=0.001),and the proportion of unorganized training in high school schools was higher than that in primary and fully high school schools(χ~2=17.563,P <0.001;χ~2=10.675,P=0.001).Conclusion There are problems in the implementation of health education lectures in physical education and health curriculum in primary and secondary schools in Beijing,such as insufficient class hours,lack of teaching materials and tools,and lack of assessment and evaluation mechanisms.Continuous improvement on school health education system should be paid attention for effective health education lectures and school health education.更多还原