【摘要】 柑橘产业是云南省昭通市金沙江流域经济带的核心支柱，其病虫害防控对区域生态安全和经济效益至关重要。基于2020—2024年连续定点观测与全域普查数据，系统解析了金沙江流域（永善段）柑橘主要病虫害发生特点。结果表明：共鉴定6种病害（以溃疡病、黄龙病为主）和11种虫害（叶螨、实蝇类害虫等为优势种），其中叶螨呈重度发生；病虫害空间分布异质性显著，黄龙病等检疫性病害因苗木调运扩散至3个乡镇，2024年发生面积较2017年增长了11.21倍，虫害累计发生面积（15 126.67 hm~2）为病害的4.62倍。基于风险等级评估，提出通过种植藿香蓟、白三叶草等天敌保育植物构建生态屏障，结合清园期低毒药剂（春雷·噻唑锌等）靶向防控，并建立病虫害监测预警网络的防控策略。该策略可有效减少化学农药使用量，为干热河谷区柑橘绿色生产提供科学范式。更多还原

【Abstract】 The citrus industry serves as a core pillar of the Jinsha River Basin Economic Belt of Zhaotong City,Yunnan Province. Effective management of pests and disease is vital for regional ecological security and economic sustainability. Based on the continuous field monitoring and comprehensive survey data from 2020 to 2024, the occurrence patterns of major citrus pests and diseases in the Jinsha River Basin(Yongshan Section) were systematically analyzed. The results showed that a total of 6 diseases(mainly canker and huanglongbing) and 11 insect pests(spider mites, fruit flies, etc. were the dominant species) were identified. Among them, spider mites occurred severely. The spatial distribution heterogeneity of pests and diseases is significant. Quarantine diseases such as huanglongbing have spread to 3 townships due to the transportation of seedlings, and the occurrence area in 2024 increased by 11.21 times compared with that in 2017, the cumulative occurrence area of pests(15,126.67 hm~2)was 4.62 times that of diseases. Based on the risk level assessment, propose building an ecological barrier by planting natural enemy conservation plants such as Ageratum conyzoides L. and Trifolium repens L., combining targeted prevention and control with low-toxicity pesticides(such as kasugamycin·thiazole zinc) during the orchard cleaning period, and establishing the prevention and control strategy of pest and disease monitoring and early warning network.This strategy can effectively reduce the use of chemical pesticides and provide a scientific paradigm for the green production of citrus in the dry-hot valley area.更多还原