【摘要】 土中孔隙水一直是土力学研究中的热点及难点问题，其物理特性是高液限土、软土等特殊土力学规律研究中的共性关键科学问题。土中孔隙水依赋存状态可分为自由水和吸附水，其中吸附水具有高密度、强结构性等独特物理性质，表现出与自由水截然不同的流动和相变行为。目前，吸附水物理性质对土体渗透、强度及变形特性的影响规律尚不明确，且实际工程对吸附水关注较少，未能充分利用其物理特性优化工程实践。重点综述了土中吸附水及其对土体特性影响规律的最新研究进展，介绍了微观、细观和宏观等多个尺度的理论和试验研究成果：系统归纳了吸附水的形成机制，分析了吸附水与毛细水的物理性质及差异，阐明了吸附水对土体水力和力学特性的影响规律；分析了吸附水对土体渗透特性影响的试验研究现状，并介绍了考虑吸附作用的渗透系数模型最新进展；归纳了吸附水对土体强度演化规律影响的试验研究现状，介绍了考虑吸附水影响的强度理论模型最新进展；总结了吸附水对土体压缩变形、蠕变变形及路基土回弹特性影响的研究进展，重点分析了吸附水在高液限土和软土蠕变特性中的作用；分析了吸附水特性在高液限土路堤和软土地基工程中的潜在应用前景，并展望了未来研究的重点和方向，为后续研究提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Understanding pore water in soils has long been a central and challenging topic in soil mechanics. Its physical properties are also a key scientific issue shared across the mechanical research of various special soils, such as high liquid limit soils and soft soils. Pore water can be classified into free water and adsorptive water, depending on its state. Adsorptive water exhibits unique physical properties, including high density and strong structural characteristics, resulting in its distinct flow and phase change behaviors from free water. However, the effects of the physical properties of adsorptive water on soil permeability, strength, and deformation remain unclear. Moreover, practical engineering generally overlooks the significance of adsorptive water, failing to fully utilize its physical properties to optimize engineering practices. This paper provided a comprehensive review of recent progress on adsorptive water in soil and its influence on soil properties, both domestically and internationally. It covered theoretical and experimental studies across microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic scales. Specifically, it systematically summarizes the formation mechanisms of adsorptive water, analyzes the differences in physical properties between adsorptive water and capillary water, and clarifies the effects of adsorptive water on the hydraulic and mechanical properties of soil. It also reviews experimental research on the effects of adsorptive water on soil permeability, along with recent advancements in permeability coefficient models that consider adsorption. Additionally, the experimental research on the effects of adsorptive water on soil strength is reviewed, along with the development of strength models considering the effects of adsorptive water. Additionally, the paper summarizes the research progress on the role of adsorptive water in soil compression deformation, creep deformation, and subgrade soil resilience, with a focus on its role in the creep behavior of high liquid limit soils and soft soils. Finally, the paper discusses the potential applications of adsorptive water in high liquid limit soil embankments and soft soil foundation engineering, and future research priorities and directions are outlined to provide a reference for further studies.更多还原