【摘要】 博士生资助是博士生教育高质量发展的重要保障。选取2012年至2025年的86份中央与地方博士生资助政策文件进行分析，发现中央和地方在博士生资助政策上既有一致性又有差异性，显示出中央政策的权威性，中央和地方的互动性强，政策扩散和执行的效率较高，但地方政策自主性和创新性不足。其成因在于改革开放以来高等教育办学和管理体制改革，特别是中央和地方财政分担体制机制的调整，但在博士生教育和资助上中央和地方的权责仍不够明晰。因此，需要建立新的博士生教育经费体制和资助体系，赋予地方更大的博士生教育权责，根据国家战略分配博士生资助。更多还原

【Abstract】 Doctoral student funding is an important guarantee for the high-quality development of doctoral education. This study analyzes 86 central and local government policy documents of doctoral funding issued from 2012 to 2025, revealing both consistency and divergence between central and local government policies. This demonstrates the authority of central policies, strong interaction between central and local governments, and relatively high efficiency in policy diffusion and implementation. However, local policies exhibit insufficient autonomy and innovation. These characteristics stem from reforms in the administration and management of higher education since the era of reform and opening-up, particularly adjustments in the financial cost-sharing mechanisms between central and local governments. Nevertheless, the division of responsibilities in doctoral education and funding between central and local authorities remains inadequately defined. Consequently, a new funding system and support framework for doctoral education must be established, granting local governments greater autonomy in doctoral education while allocating funding according to national strategic priorities.更多还原