【摘要】 目的：了解黑龙江省慢性阻塞性肺疾病（以下简称慢阻肺）高危人群现状及其流行病学特征，探讨慢阻肺的影响因素，为相关部门制定政策提供依据。方法：采取分层整群随机抽样法，于2022年5月—2023年12月在黑龙江省6个项目监测点（哈尔滨市、鸡西市、黑河市、双鸭山市、牡丹江市、齐齐哈尔市）抽取常住居民41 474人，采用电子问卷筛查方式收集相关信息。根据慢阻肺自我筛查问卷（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease screening questionnaire,COPD-SQ）总分确定慢阻肺高危人群，总分≥16分为慢阻肺高危人群。采用logistic回归模型分析相关因素对慢阻肺高危人群发病的影响。结果：41 474名调查对象中检出慢阻肺高危人群6 961人，检出率为16.78%；男性检出率高于女性，50岁以后检出率明显上升。高危人群分布存在地区差异，双鸭山市检出率最高（21.57%），牡丹江市最低（6.79%）。吸烟、接触生物燃料、低体重是慢阻肺发病的危险因素，其中吸烟影响最大。结论：识别黑龙江省慢阻肺高危人群和地区，强调生物燃料暴露、吸烟控制及低体重人群营养改善的重要性，有助于精准干预和政策制定。更多还原

【Abstract】 OBJECTIVE To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) in high-risk populations in Heilongjiang Province, providing evidence for policy formulation. METHODS Using stratified cluster random sampling, 41 474 permanent residents were recruited from 6 monitoring sites(Harbin, Jixi, Heihe,Shuangyashan, Mudanjiang, Qiqihar) in Heilongjiang Province between May 2022 and December 2023. Data were collected through electronic questionnaires. High-risk individuals were defined as those scoring ≥16 on the COPD-SQ(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Screening Questionnaire). Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine risk factors. RESULTS Among the participants, 6 961 individuals(16.78%) were identified as high-risk, with higher prevalence in males and significant increases after age 50. Regional disparities were observed, with Shuangyashan showing the highest prevalence(21.57%) and Mudanjiang the lowest(6.79%). Key risk factors included smoking, exposure to biofuels, and low body weight, with smoking being the most significant. CONCLUSION Identifying high-risk populations and regions in Heilongjiang Province, along with emphasizing biofuel exposure control, smoking cessation, and nutritional improvement for underweight individuals, will facilitate targeted interventions and policy development.更多还原