【摘要】 传统哺乳动物模型在疾病研究中存在一定的局限性，树鼩（Tupaia belangeri）因其与人类在遗传、解剖和免疫学上的相似性，以及体型小、繁殖成本低等优点，有希望成为灵长类实验动物的替代品。在感染性疾病研究领域，树鼩可模拟流感、肝炎等多种病毒感染，为疫苗筛选和免疫机制研究提供平台；在神经科学研究方面，树鼩被用于开发阿尔茨海默病和脑损伤等模型，助力神经保护和再生研究；在癌症研究中，树鼩可以构建肝癌、乳腺癌等恶性肿瘤模型，为肿瘤机制研究和药物筛选提供依据。然而，树鼩造模仍面临实验技术改造、抗体缺乏、繁殖体系不完善和伦理限制等问题。本文从遗传学、免疫学、感染性疾病、神经科学以及肿瘤学等多个角度探讨树鼩在医学研究中的应用，旨在为树鼩在更多领域成为推动精准医学和新药研发关键模型提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Traditional mammalian models present certain limitations in disease research. The tree shrew(Tupaia belangeri) has emerged as a promising alternative to primate experimental animals due to its genetic, anatomical, and immunological similarities to humans, as well as advantages such as small body size and low breeding costs. In the field of infectious diseases, tree shrews are capable of mimicking various viral infections, including influenza and hepatitis, thereby providing a platform for vaccine screening and the investigation of immunological mechanism. In neuroscience, tree shrews are utilized to develop models of Alzheimer’s disease and brain injury, thereby facilitating studies on neuroprotection and regeneration. In cancer research, tree shrew enable the models of liver cancer, breast cancer,and other malignancies, offering insights into tumor mechanisms and supporting drug screening. Nonetheless, challenges persist in tree shrew modeling, including the need for modification experimental techniques, shortages of antibodies, imperfect breeding systems, and ethical constraints. This review explores the applications of tree shrews in medical research from multiple perspectives, including genetics,immunology, infectious diseases, neuroscience, and oncology. The aim is to provide references for promoting tree shrews as key models in precision medicine and novel drug discovery across broader fields.更多还原