【摘要】 核安保探测技术作为防范核材料非法转移及核恐怖主义的关键手段，经历了从传统辐射监测到智能多模态探测的跨越式发展。当前技术体系以X射线双能成像、中子元素分析为核心，形成覆盖物质识别、行为监控与数据安全的立体防护网络。本文全面综述中国原子能科学研究院（简称原子能院）核探测技术在核安保中的应用和发展。首先阐述核探测技术的发展情况，并重点介绍原子能院在核安保领域的创新应用，然后分析当前技术发展现状及面临的挑战，最后展望未来在智能化、高灵敏度、多模态融合等方面的发展趋势，强调核探测技术在推动核安保方面的重要作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a critical means of preventing illicit nuclear material trafficking and nuclear terrorism,nuclear security detection technology has undergone a leapfrog development from traditional radiation monitoring to intelligent multimodal detection. The current technological system, centered on dualenergy X-ray imaging, neutron element analysis, forms a comprehensive protection network covering material identification, behavior monitoring, and data security. This article provides a comprehensive review of the application and development of nuclear detection technology at the China Institute of Atomic Energy in the field of nuclear security. It first elaborates on the developmental trajectory of nuclear detection technology, with a focus on innovative applications by the China Institute of Atomic Energy in nuclear security. It then analyzes the current state of technological advancement and the challenges faced, and finally prospects future trends in intelligence, high sensitivity, and multimodal integration, emphasizing the pivotal role of nuclear detection technology in advancing nuclear security.更多还原