【摘要】 随着本科来华留学生数量的不断增长和修读专业范围的持续拓展，建立规范、统一的留学生招生考试体系显得尤为重要。本文以中国政府奖学金本科来华留学生预科教育结业考试体系的经贸汉语考试、理工汉语考试、文科汉语考试、医学汉语考试的实测数据为基础，采用随机抽样法从每类考试中随机抽取300名考生，对1200名考生的数据进行因子分析，探讨考试的构想效度。研究结果显示：四类预科汉语考试的分测验基本可用两个因子进行解释；经贸汉语考试和文科汉语考试的因子结构相同，主要测量的是“理解型语言能力”和“表达型语言能力”；理工汉语考试和医学汉语考试的因子载荷差异较大，因子结构与测量的目标构想不吻合；四类预科汉语考试的构想效度缺乏跨专业一致性，专业汉语水平无法得到有效测量。建议采用一般汉语水平考试和学能考试相结合的方式构建来华本科招生考试体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the continuous growth in the number of international undergraduate students studying in China and the expansion of their academic disciplines, it is increasingly important to establish a standardized and unified admission examination system for international students. Based on empirical data from the College-Preparatory Chinese Test, including the Chinese language tests for Business & Economics, Science & Technology, Arts & Humanities, and Medical Science, this study employed random sampling to select 300 candidates from each test category, totaling 1,200examinees. Using exploratory factor analysis, the study examines the construct validity of the tests.The results show that the subtests in all four categories can be broadly explained by two factors. The factor structures of the Business & Economics and Arts & Humanities tests are consistent, primarily measuring“receptive language ability”and“productive language ability”. In contrast, the factor loadings for the Science & Technology and Medical Science tests vary greatly, and the factor structures do not align with the intended constructs. The findings suggest that the construct validity of the four preparatory Chinese tests lacks cross-disciplinary consistency and fails to effectively assess students’ professional language proficiency. It is recommended that a new entrance examination system for international undergraduates in China be developed by integrating general Chinese proficiency tests with academic aptitude assessments.更多还原