【摘要】 声调变异是社会语音学研究的核心议题。山东桓台方言属于冀鲁官话沧惠片章桓小片，传统方言调查认为桓台方言的阳平上是一个高平调，调值记为/55/。董文琪和刘文(2021)研究表明阳平上并非一个典型的高平调，其调型在老派和新派中存在变异。文章通过声学分析和感知实验考察桓台方言阳平上的变异情况。声学分析显示阳平上的音高曲线存在下降趋势，且老派降幅大于新派。此外，在音高分布上，阳平上与去声、入声存在部分重叠。感知方面，辨认实验和区分实验显示阳平上与去声之间为范畴感知模式，阳平上与入声之间为准范畴感知模式。据平调的感知判定方案，这一结果表明，相对于去声，阳平上在调型上更接近入声。结合声学分析和感知实验结果，在演变速率上，新派快于老派，女性快于男性；在演变方向上，阳平上的调型总体从降变为平，新派发音尤其是新派女性发音的阳平上已更接近平调。最后，结合分散理论，文章认为母语者为了实现正处于变异之中的阳平上与系统中其他声调的区分，在不同声调对立中采取了不同的区分策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tonal variation is a central topic in the field of sociophonetics. Huantai dialect belongs to the Zhanghuan sub-group of the Canghui group of Jilu Mandarin. Traditional linguistic surveys suggested that the Yangpingshang in the Huantai dialect is a high-level tone, denoted as/55/. Acoustic studies by Dong & Liu(2021) indicated that the Yangpingshang is not a typical high-level tone, showing phonetic variation between the old and young speakers. This study examines Yangpingshang’s variation through acoustic and perceptual experiments. Acoustic analysis reveals a downward trend in the pitch curve of the Yangpingshang, with the old showing a more significant decrease than the young. Additionally, there is a partial overlap in pitch distribution among the three tones, i.e., the Yangpingshang, the falling, and the entering tone. Regarding tone perception, the identification and discrimination experiments indicate a categorical perception between the Yangpingshang and the falling tone, while a quasi-categorical perception pattern exists between the Yangpingshang and the entering tone. According to the perceptual judgment scheme of level tones, this result suggests that, compared to the falling tone, the Yangpingshang is closer to the entering tone in terms of tone contour. Combining the results of acoustic and perceptual experiments, the rate of sound change is faster in the young than in the old, and the female exhibits a faster rate than the male. Regarding the direction of sound change, the overall tone contour of the Yangpingshang changes from falling to level, especially the young females. Lastly, combined with the dispersion theory, this study argues that native speakers adopt different discrimination strategies in different tonal contrasts to distinguish the Yangpingshang, which is undergoing variation, from other tones in the tonal system.更多还原