【摘要】 地铁系统内抗生素抗性基因（antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs）和微生物的传播可能带来健康风险.为揭示地铁站内微生物群落和ARGs的存在状况、赋存特征及影响因素，采用定量qPCR和高通量测序对上海市地铁站台和车厢内采集的18个空气样品和13个擦拭样品进行微生物群落结构分析和ARGs定量检测.结果显示，除erm B在空气样本中没有检出外，4种典型ARGs（sul1、sul2、tetW、tetG）和遗传元件int I1在空气和擦拭样品中均有检出，且擦拭样品的检出率均高于空气样品.空气样品中sul1、sul2、tetG和int I1基因的相对丰度显著大于擦拭样品（P<0.05）.擦拭和空气样品的细菌群落结构存在显著差异（P<0.01），且擦拭样品的丰度和多样性均显著高于空气样品（P<0.05）.车厢内细菌的丰度显著高于站台，地上站台的细菌丰度显著高于地下站台，半高屏蔽门站台的细菌丰度显著高于全高屏蔽门站台.相关性分析显示微生物的赋存特征主要与温度、湿度、PM₁₀、PM_2.5、CO₂浓度和建筑特征有关.本研究表明地铁站是ARGs和微生物传播的热点场所，存在一定的条件致病菌感染风险.（图3表1参49）更多还原

【Abstract】 This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of microbial communities and antibiotic resistance genes （ARGs） in subway stations,providing a scientific basis for developing intervention strategies to control indoor air bacteria pollution and limit the spread of ARGs in subways.This study used quantitative polymerase chain reaction （q PCR） and high-throughput sequencing to analyze the microbial community structure and quantify ARGs in 18 air samples and 13 swab samples collected from the platforms and carriages of Shanghai subway stations.Except for erm B,which was not detected in the air samples,four typical ARGs （sul1,sul2,tet W,tet G） and the genetic element int I1 were detected in both air and swab samples,with detection rates in the swab samples being higher than those in the air samples.Additionally,the relative abundance of sul1,sul2,tet G,and genetic elements int I1 in air samples was significantly higher than those in swab samples （P<0.05）.Bacterial community structure showed significant differences between the swab and air samples （P<0.01）,and the abundance and diversity of bacteria in the swab samples were significantly higher than those in the air samples （P<0.05）.The bacterial abundance in the carriage was significantly higher than at the platforms,with the bacterial abundance on the above-ground platforms being significantly higher than that on the underground platforms;the bacterial abundance on platforms with half-height platform screen doors （PSDs） was significantly higher than on those with full-height PSDs.Correlation analysis revealed that the distribution characteristics of the microbial communities were primarily associated with temperature,humidity,particulate matter concentrations (PM₁₀ and PM_2.5),CO₂ concentration,and architectural features.This study indicates that subway stations are hotspot areas for transmitting ARGs and microbial contamination,posing a risk of opportunistic pathogen infections.更多还原