【摘要】 目的 通过系统梳理乡村医生相关政策的发展脉络及其演进规律，深入量化分析政策工具及政策效力水平，旨在为我国乡村医生队伍实现高质量发展提供相应的策略依据与参考。方法 收集2009年3月—2024年5月国家层面颁布的有关乡村医生政策60项，采用政策文本内容编码方法，基于“政策工具-政策时期-政策效力”三维分析框架对我国乡村医生政策进行量化评价分析。结果 在245条政策工具编码中，需求型政策工具占比（38.38%）最高，供给型政策工具（31.02%）次之，环境型政策工具（30.61%）最少。政策类型以通知为主，政策发布数量波动明显，高质量发展时期颁布的政策数量为4个时期之最，深化巩固时期颁布的政策专指性最强。结论 需科学把握政策导向演化规律和政策工具演变趋势，合理调整政策工具内部结构，识别政策落地障碍，增强政策体系针对性与协同性以提高政策效力的凝聚作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective By systematically reviewing the development of policies related to rural doctors and their evolution patterns,and by quantitatively analyzing the policy tools and their effectiveness levels,it aim to provide a strategic basis and reference for the high-quality development of China’s rural doctor workforce. Methods 60 policies related to rural doctors enacted at the national level from March 2009 to May 2024 were collected,and a threedimensional analysis framework based on“policy tool-policy period-policy effectiveness”was adopted to analyse the development of rural doctors in China. Results Among the 245 coded policy instruments,demand-type policy instruments accounted for the highest proportion(38.38%),followed by supply-type(31.02%) and environmenttype is the least(30.61%). The types of policies are mainly circular,and the number of policies issued fluctuates significantly,with the number of policies issued during the period of high-quality development being the highest in the four periods,and the policies issued during the period of deepening and consolidation being the most specific.Conclusion It is necessary to scientifically grasp the law of evolution of policy orientation and the trend of evolution of policy instruments, rationally adjust the internal structure of policy instruments, and enhance the relevance and synergy of the policy system in order to improve the cohesion of policy effectiveness.更多还原