【摘要】 目的 分析2012—2021年高校学生水痘疫情特征和流行原因，为高校水痘疫情防控提供参考依据。方法 对2012—2021年某高校学生水痘病例档案进行回顾性分析，率的比较采用χ²检验和趋势χ²检验，两独立样本比较采用秩和检验。结果 2012—2021年学生水痘登记病例306例，登记年均水痘发病率为9.89/万，各年份学生水痘发病率差异有统计学意义（χ²=33.750,P<0.001）,却不存在线性变化趋势(χ_趋势²=0.722,P=0.395);水痘发病率最高为2019年（16.07/万）,最低为2020年（3.65/万）;水痘发病主高峰为9—12月、占66.67%,次高峰为4—5月、占16.34%;男生水痘发病率高于女生，差异有统计学意义（χ²=33.769,P<0.001）;水痘发病率最高的为大一学生（33.01/万）,其次为大二学生（10.83/万）,水痘发病率随年级升高呈逐渐下降趋势，差异有统计学意义(χ_趋势²=378.771,P<0.001)。密切接触者形成传播链37条，符合聚集性疫情3起。62.42%的水痘病例为校医院报告，85.22%的校外医疗机构诊断病例未在诊断医院住院和隔离；校医院报告水痘病例从诊断到防控措施落实平均时间（0.25d）少于校外医疗机构诊断的病例（2.88d）（Z=-11.619,P<0.05）。93.14%的水痘病例有前驱症状。结论 2012—2021年高校学生水痘发病率较高，集中在大一、大二学生。应重视高校学生水痘的早诊断、早报告、早隔离和信息反馈，加强健康教育和疫苗应急接种等防控措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the characteristics and epidemiological causes of varicella epidemics among college students from 2012 to 2021, and to provide a reference basis for the prevention and control of varicella epidemics in college.Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on the varicella case files of college students from 2012 to 2021.The comparison of rates was performed using the χ² test and the trend χ² test, and the comparison of two independent samples was performed using the rank sum test.Results There were 306 registered cases of varicella among college students from 2012 to 2021,with an average annual incidence rate of registered varicella of 9.89/10 000.There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence rates of varicella among students across the years（χ²=33.750,P<0.001）,but there was no linear changing trend(χ_trend²=0.722,P=0.395).The highest incidence rate of varicella was in 2019（16.07/10 000） and the lowest was in 2020（3.65/10 000）.The major peak of varicella cases occurred from September to December, accounting for 66.67%,and the minor peak occurred in April and May, accounting for 16.34%.The incidence rate of varicella was higher in boy students than in girl students, and the difference was statistically significant（χ²=33.769,P<0.001）.The highest incidence rate of varicella was among freshmen（33.01/10 000）,followed by sophomores（10.83/10 000）,and the incidence rate of varicella showed a trend of gradual decreasing incidence with increasing grade level, with a statistically significant difference(χ_trend²=378.771,P<0.001).There were 37 chains of transmission formed by close contacts, consistent with three outbreak in clusters.Sixty-two point four two per cent of varicella cases were reported by college hospitals and 85.22% of cases diagnosed in off-campus medical institutions were not hospitalized and isolated at the diagnosing hospital.The average time from diagnosis to implementation of prevention and control measures for varicella cases reported by the college hospital（0.25d） was less than that for cases diagnosed by off-campus medical institutions（2.88d）（Z=-11.619,P<0.05）.Ninety-three point one four percent of varicella cases had prodromal symptoms.Conclusion The incidence rate of varicella among college students is relatively high from 2012 to 2021,concentrated among freshmen and sophomores.Attention should be paid to early diagnosis, early reporting, early isolation and information feedback of varicella among college students, and health education and vaccine emergency vaccination, and other prevention and control measures should be strengthened.更多还原