【摘要】 目的 挖掘使用中医药治疗外感咳嗽的特点及用药规律，为指导中医临床用药提供参考。方法 收集2024年1月深圳市某医院治疗外感咳嗽的门诊处方，利用R语言软件进行数据挖掘，分析中医治疗外感咳嗽的用药频次、聚类情况和关联规则，分析中医治疗外感咳嗽的用药规律和经方使用。结果 共纳入451张治疗外感咳嗽的门诊处方，用药频次居前十位的中药分别是甘草、苦杏仁、桔梗、麻黄、陈皮、百部、茯苓、法半夏、荆芥穗、浙贝母。通过聚类分析和关联规则得出外感咳嗽的治疗普遍使用三拗汤和止嗽散两种方剂加减，进行辨证施治。不同证型用药存在显著差异：风寒袭肺型核心药物均为温性，侧重辛温发散；风热犯肺型主用寒性药物，偏重清泄肺热。年龄分层显示，未成年组常用百部、射干等药性平和的药物，青年组用药多为连翘、前胡等寒凉药物，而中老年组则偏好荆芥穗、紫苏子等温补药。结论 该院中药治疗外感咳嗽以祛邪宣肺，使肺气宣通为主要思想，结合深圳亚热带气候及气温波动特点，针对性灵活性地运用三拗汤、止嗽散等方剂加减，结合患者的体质和症状辨证施治，以有效地宣肺疏风、止咳化痰。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To collect and analyze outpatient prescription data for exogenous cough treatment from a hospital in Shenzhen,and to identify the characteristics and medication patterns of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).Methods This study collected prescriptions from a hospital in Shenzhen for exogenous cough treatment in January 2024.R language for data mining were used to analyze the medication frequency,clustering patterns,and association rules in the treatment of exogenous cough by TCM and to explore the medication patterns and the usage of classic formulas in TCM for this condition.Results A total of 451outpatient prescriptions for exogenous cough were include,the top ten most frequently used herbs were Licorice,Bitter almond,Bellflower,Ephedra,Tangerine peel,Stemonae radix,Tuckahoe,Pinellia ternata,Nepeta,Bulb of thunberg fritillary.Cluster analysis and association rules revealed that San’ao decoction,Kikyodon soup,and Zhisou powder were commonly prescribed,targeting lung function,dispersing wind,and resolving phlegm to effectively alleviate cough symptoms.Significant differences in medication usage were observed across different syndrome types.For the wind cold attacking lung pattern,the core herbs were warm in nature and focused on dispersing with acrid-warm properties.Conversely,the treatment of wind heat attacking the lung pattern typically involved cold-natured herbs,with a primary focus on clearing and draining lung heat.Stratification by age revealed that the pediatric group often used drugs with mild properties,such as Stemona and Shegan.The young adult group tended to be prescribed cold-natured drugs like Forsythia and Hogfonnel Root.The middleaged and elderly group preferred warming and tonifying drugs such as Japanese Catnip and Perilla frutescens.ConclusionThe TCM treatment of exogenous cough primarily focuses on releasing the exterior and dispersing the lung.Due to the region’s subtropical monsoon climate and temperature fluctuations physicians flexibly modified classical formulas such as San’ao decoction and Zhisou powder according to individual constitutions and symptom patterns.This targeted,syndrome-based approach effectively disperses the lung qi,stops cough and transforms phlegm,and alleviates cough.更多还原