【摘要】 深部高地应力隧道开挖卸荷后围岩的变形破坏过程受能量的驱动，其本质是输入能超出围岩储能极限后耗散和释放的结果。既有的理论研究主要针对弹性卸载条件下深部圆形隧（巷）道围岩弹性应变能的计算，很少有学者对弹塑性卸载下深部圆形隧道围岩的能量计算和能量演化开展理论研究。首先根据岩石的能量演化过程，明确了弹性应变能、塑性耗散能和塑性释放能的定义；然后基于弹塑性理论和Hoek-Brown强度准则，考虑岩石的峰后应变软化特性，提出半径增量法计算围岩的卸荷应力路径；最终，建立了基于卸荷应力路径的深部圆形隧道围岩能量计算方法。基于能量守恒定律验证了计算方法的正确性，并分析了不同峰值强度下深部圆形隧道围岩的能量演化机制。研究结果表明：隧道开挖后能量从远处围岩输入，弹性阶段输入能全部转化弹性应变能，越靠近隧道洞壁弹性应变能密度越大。塑性阶段能量持续输入，弹性应变总能继续增大，但靠近洞壁的围岩达到储能极限，产生塑性区，且受应变软化行为影响，塑性区的储能极限降低，围岩的耗散能和释放能呈指数增加；峰值强度越大的深部岩体，在高地应力环境下开挖后以能量释放为主，硬岩岩爆源于能量释放机制。对于峰值强度低的深部软岩，在高地应力环境下开挖后以能量耗散为主，软岩挤压大变形源于能量耗散机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 The deformation and failure of deep tunnels in a high in-situ stress field are driven by energy, which results from the dissipation and release of energy exceeding the storage limit in the surrounding rock. Existing theoretical studies mainly focus on calculating the elastic strain energy of the surrounding rock during the elastic unloading of deep circular tunnels. Few authors have conducted theoretical research on energy calculation and evolution in deep circular tunnels under elastic-plastic unloading. Firstly, this study clarifies the definitions of elastic strain energy, dissipated energy, and released energy based on the energy evolution of rocks. Subsequently, utilizing elastic-plasticity theory and Hoek-Brown strength criteria, the radius increment method is proposed to calculate the unloading stress path of the surrounding rock, taking into account strain-softening behavior. Finally, an energy calculation method for deep circular rock tunnels based on the unloading stress path is established, mathematically proving the energy conservation relationship of the surrounding rock.The research results indicate that energy is input from the remote surrounding rock after tunnel excavation. During the elastic deformation phase, input energy is all converted into elastic strain energy, with higher elastic strain energy density closer to the tunnel wall. In the plastic deformation stage, the total elastic strain energy continues to increase with ongoing energy input. However, the elastic strain energy density near the tunnel reaches the energy storage limit of the surrounding rock, leading to a plastic zone. Subsequently, the energy storage limit in the plastic zone decreases due to strain softening behavior, resulting in an exponential increase in the dissipated and released energy of the surrounding rock. For deep rocks with high peak strength, energy release dominates during plastic deformation, leading to rockbursts caused by the energy release mechanism. Rocks with low peak strength exhibit plastic deformation primarily driven by energy dissipation, leading to the initiation of tunnel squeezing deformation.更多还原