【摘要】 铝生产过程中，炭阳极参与电解反应，生产吨铝理论炭耗333 kg,但炭阳极的实际消耗往往大于理论消耗。通过分析电解铝过程中炭阳极的消耗机理，可以得出炭阳极发生的额外消耗包括化学消耗和机械消耗，高温下炭阳极的氧化是直接或间接导致两种消耗的主要原因。目前炭阳极抗氧化技术主要采用基体改性、溶液浸渍、抗氧化涂层等方法。基体改性的具体措施包括改变石油焦煅烧温度和炭阳极焙烧温度，调整炭阳极硫和微量元素含量，使用添加剂生产阳极炭块。溶液浸渍技术使用氯化铝、含硼化合物等浸渍剂，提高阳极的抗氧化性能。抗氧化涂层技术采用电解质涂层、炭基涂层、陶瓷涂层或铝涂层。其中涂层保护是炭阳极抗氧化的重要研究方向，涂层的成本、抗氧化效果、对炭基体的粘附性是抗氧化涂层的研究重点。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the process of aluminum production, the carbon anode participates in the electrolytic reaction. The theoretical carbon consumption is 333 kg/t-Al, but the real consumption of the carbon anode often exceeds this theoretical amount. By analyzing the consumption mechanism of the carbon anode during aluminum electrolysis, it is found that the extra consumption of the carbon anode includes chemical and mechanical consumption. The oxidation of the carbon anode at high temperatures is the main cause of both types of consumption, either directly or indirectly. Currently, the main technologies to improve the oxidation resistance of carbon anodes include substrate modification, solution impregnation, and anti-oxidation coatings. Specific measures for substrate modification include altering the calcination temperature of petroleum coke and the baking temperature of the carbon anode, adjusting the sulfur and trace element content in the carbon anode, and using additives in the production of anode carbon blocks. Solution impregnation technology uses impregnating agents such as aluminum chloride and boron-containing compounds to enhance the oxidation resistance of the anode. Anti-oxidation coating technology involves using electrolyte coatings, carbon-based coatings, ceramic coatings, or aluminum coatings. Among these, coating protection is an important research direction for improving the oxidation resistance of carbon anodes. The cost, oxidation resistance effect, and adhesion to the carbon substrate are key research focuses for anti-oxidation coatings.更多还原