【摘要】 稀贵金属(镍、钴、铬、铂族)是我国极度紧缺的关键金属，对外依存度高达85%～98%。它们具有相近的地球化学行为：通常在幔源岩浆中富集，但不同构造背景镁铁-超镁铁岩体成矿却显示明显的专属性；岩浆演化过程中稀贵金属发生了分离解耦；热液改造加剧了其解耦与再富集。全球稀贵金属矿产的一些主要类型如层状岩体型在我国尚未发现，红土型、元古代裂谷型在我国不甚发育。在广泛调研国内外典型矿床与矿带和全面分析已有研究成果基础上，我们认为稀贵金属富集成矿机理方面的研究所存在的关键科学问题包括：(1)不同构造背景岩浆镍钴铬铂族的成矿专属性和潜力；(2)岩浆和热液过程中的镍钴铂族富集机理；(3)热液改造过程中的镍钴共生-分离。因此，亟待从地球演化和全球对比的视角，运用岩石学、矿床学、矿物学、地球化学、地球物理等方法，结合高温高压实验、热力学模拟和全球数据综合分析，揭示中国大陆稀贵金属资源禀赋与成矿特色，建立完整的镍钴铬铂族成矿理论体系、成矿模型与评价准则，优选出我国稀贵金属成矿新区带，从而在稀贵金属成矿理论与找矿选区两方面对新一轮找矿突破战略行动中Ni-Co-Cr-PGE选区勘查突破提供科学依据与支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rare-precious metals(Ni, Co, Cr, and PGEs) are critically important and highly deficient strategic resources for our country since their import dependency rates are as high as 85%～98%. These metals exhibit similar geochemical behaviors and often coexist in mantle-derived basaltic melts. However, mafic-ultramafic intrusions from different tectonic settings show distinct mineralization characteristics and hydrothermal metasomatism-modification further exacerbates their decoupling and re-enrichment. Some major types of global rare-precious metal deposits, such as stratiform reef-type, have not yet been discovered in China. Laterite-type Ni-Co and Proterozoic rift-type Cu-Co deposits are not well developed in China. This review aims to investigate the coexistence, separation, enrichment mechanisms, and localization mechanisms of these elements during magmatic and hydrothermal processes. Based on comprehensive surveys and analysis of existing research progress on Ni, Co, Cr and PGE resources and field investigations of typical deposits, we apply petrological, mineralogical, geochemical and geophysical methods, along with experiments, thermodynamic simulation and global data analysis, to address the following three key aspects:(1) the ore-forming potential for Ni-Co-Cr-PGE under various tectonic backgrounds(such as plume, orogenic belt, rift basin);(2) the separation and enrichment mechanisms of Co-Ni-PGE during magmatic-hydrothermal processes;(3) the coexistence-separation-enrichment mechanisms of Co-Ni during weathering-sedimentary processes. This integrated research aims to understand the endowment and characteristics of China’s rare-precious metal resources from the perspective of Earth’s evolution and global comparison. It will establish a comprehensive theoretical framework, new metallogenic models, and evaluation criteria for Ni-Co-Cr-PGE ore formation, and then identify new prospective areas and orebelts in China. This research will contribute significantly to the overall goals of the major research program on critical metal metallogeneses in terms of both theoretical advancements and exploration breakthroughs.更多还原