【摘要】 “铁路外交”作为新时代中国特色大国外交的直接体现，是高质量共建“一带一路”基础设施互联互通领域的重要纽带。基于行动者网络理论的分析，中国铁路外交通过异质行动者实现了从“国家主导”到“多元协同”的范式演进，其演进逻辑呈现外交目标复合化、行动者网络多层化及利益协调动态化等显著特征。中国近年来铁路外交取得了显著进展，但是也面临着行动者网络的现实分化、海外铁路项目风险和“第三方”行动者带来的现实阻碍，其背后体现了东道国不同国情的显著差异化需求、铁路“走出去”技术标准竞争日趋激烈、境外风险防范和安全保护的意识提升等动因。未来中国需要从行动者、实践“转译”、行动者网络三方面发力，强化政府顶层设计和政策支持，发挥企业自主性，围绕海外铁路建设、运营、推广等环节进一步推动中国铁路外交，丰富“一带一路”高质量实践内涵，开辟中国铁路国际化新路径。更多还原

【Abstract】 "Railway diplomacy", as a direct manifestation of China’s major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in the new era, is an important link in the field of infrastructure-based connectivity for the high-quality joint implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative. The analysis based on the actor-network theory reveals that China’s railway diplomacy has achieved a paradigm shift from the state-led to the multi-party collaboration through heterogeneous actors. Its evolutionary logic presents significant characteristics such as the complexity of diplomatic goals, the multi-layered actor-network, and the dynamic coordination of interests. China’s railway diplomacy has made remarkable progress in recent years. However, it also faces the real differentiation of the actor networks, the risks of overseas railway projects, and the practical obstacles brought by third-party actors. Behind this lie the significant differentiated demands of the host countries with different national conditions, the increasingly fierce competition in technical standards for the railway going global, and the enhanced awareness of security prevention and protection abroad. In the future, China needs to make efforts in three aspects: actors, practical transformation, and actor networks. It should strengthen the top-level design and policy support of the government, give full play to the autonomy of enterprises, further promote China’s railway diplomacy around the links of overseas railway construction, operation and promotion, enrich the connotations of high-quality implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative, and open up new paths for the internationalization of China’s railways.更多还原