【摘要】 食欲素（又称下丘脑分泌素）是调控睡眠-觉醒的重要神经递质。然而，日益增多的证据表明，食欲素能系统在认知与情感等高级脑功能调控中也同样扮演者核心角色，但相关作用机制缺乏系统性总结。本综述旨在填补此空白：首先，我们梳理食欲素能系统在生理状态下调控认知与情感的神经环路及分子机制；继而，重点探讨在衰老与神经退行性疾病中，该系统受损导致认知与情感障碍的病理机制；最后，基于上述机制，展望以食欲素能系统为靶点改善认知、情绪功能的药物研发前景。我们提出核心观点：通过靶向食欲素能系统提高觉醒水平，是改善认知与情绪功能的关键途径。本综述将深化对食欲素能系统功能多样性的理解，并丰富“觉醒-认知”调控的理论体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Orexin, also known as hypocretin, is a neuropeptide crucial for the regulation of sleep –wake states. Emerging evidence indicates that the orexinergic system also plays a pivotal role in cognitive and emotional functions, yet a comprehensive synthesis of these findings is lacking. In this review,we first summarize the neurocircuitry and molecular mechanisms by which the orexinergic system regulates cognition and emotion under physiological conditions. We then focus on how dysfunction of the orexinergic system contributes to cognitive and affective impairments in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting the orexinergic system to enhance cognitive and emotional function. We propose that modulating orexinergic system to increase arousal levels represents a key strategy for improving cognition and emotion. Advancing research in this area will deepen our understanding of orexin function and enrich theoretical frameworks linking arousal, cognition, and emotion.更多还原