【摘要】 随着储能、新材料等战略性新兴产业的蓬勃发展，以及氢能、深海、核聚变等未来产业的快速崛起，压力容器的应用领域不断拓展，迎来了新的发展机遇。这对压力容器的极端化提出了更高要求，也带来了新的技术挑战。在极端环境下，材料行为检测难度大、损伤机制复杂，导致极端压力容器在服役性能预测、主动调控与寿命评估方面面临巨大困难。本文以高压氢气、深冷和火灾场景3种极端环境为例，系统分析了极端环境对压力容器材料行为的影响规律和机制，并重点探讨了相关研究成果在高压储氢容器抗氢脆设计、基于材料深冷强化的深冷压力容器轻量化设计，以及车载高压氢气瓶耐火性能预测等方面的应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the vigorous development of strategic emerging industries such as energy storage and new materials,as well as the rapid rise of future industries including hydrogen energy,deep-sea technologies,and nuclear fusion,the application scope of pressure vessels continues to expand,ushering in new development opportunities.This trend has placed higher demands on the extremity performance of pressure vessels and introduced new technical challenges.In extreme environments,the detection of material behavior becomes more difficult,and damage mechanisms grow increasingly complex,making it significantly challenging to predict service performance,achieve active control,and conduct life assessment of extreme pressure vessels.This paper takes three typical extreme conditions—high-pressure hydrogen,cryogenic temperatures,and fire scenarios—as examples to systematically analyze the mechanisms and patterns by which extreme environments affect the behavior of pressure vessel materials.It further focuses on the application of relevant research findings in several areas: hydrogen embrittlement-resistant design for high-pressure hydrogen storage vessels,lightweight design of cryogenic pressure vessels based on cryogenic strengthening of materials, and fire resistance performance prediction of onboard high-pressure hydrogen cylinders.更多还原