【摘要】 针对NEN型固定式热交换器管板的设计方法，对比了GB/T 151—2014中的常规设计方法和GB/T 4732.3—2024中的分析设计方法，指出2种方法具有相同的理论基础；然而，GB/T 151—2014的计算方法是在分析设计的基础上建立了简化力学模型，忽略了管板及其边缘结构的面内拉伸变形。采用2种设计方法对3个不同直径的NEN型热交换器算例进行计算，对比其管板应力，并用三维实体有限元进行了详细的力学分析。根据以上分析得出：2个国家标准中对于管板布管区的基本假定和所建议的削弱系数是合理的；针对适用于GB/T 151—2014应用范围、直径较小的NEN型热交换器，其所提供的常规设计方法可靠；对于大直径的NEN型热交换器，应采用GB/T 4732.3—2024的分析设计方法进行管板计算。研究结果为NEN型热交换器设计提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 A comparison was conducted on the design methods for tubesheets of NEN-type fixed heat exchangers,as specified in two Chinese national standards:the conventional design method in GB/T 151—2014 and the analytical design method in GB/T 4732.3—2024.It was pointed out that these two methods share the same theoretical basis.However,the calculation method in GB/T 151—2014 is built on a simplified mechanical model derived from analytical design,which neglects the in-plane tensile deformation of the tubesheet and its edge structures. The two design methods were applied to calculate three NEN-type heat exchanger examples with different diameters,and the tubesheet stresses obtained were compared. Meanwhile,a detailed mechanical analysis was performed using the 3D solid finite element method.From the above analysis,the following conclusions were drawn:the basic assumptions for the tube layout area of the tubesheet and the recommended weakening coefficients in the two national standards are reasonable;for small-diameter NEN-type heat exchangers that fall within the application scope of GB/T 151—2014,the conventional design method specified therein is reliable;for large-diameter NEN-type heat exchangers,the analytical design method in GB/T 4732.3—2024 should be adopted for tubesheet calculation. The research results provide a reference for the design of NEN-type heat exchangers.更多还原