【摘要】 海洋环境感知,尤其是水下流场的高精度感知技术,在海洋资源勘探、自主水下航行器(AUV)作业及国防安全等领域具有关键意义。然而,在低能见度和复杂背景扰动下传统光学与声学感知手段在性能与适应性上均面临严峻挑战。海豹胡须的波浪状几何结构能够显著抑制背景流场产生的涡激振动、提升信噪比,毛囊窦复合体则赋予其对微弱扰动的高灵敏检测能力,仿海豹胡须感知技术被视为突破现有感知技术瓶颈的重要方向。本文系统回顾了该技术领域的发展现状,重点包括:海豹胡须感知机理的生物学基础;基于光学、电阻、电容、压电与摩擦电等原理的仿生胡须结构设计、材料选型与性能优化策略;以及其在固定平台和水下移动平台中的典型应用与实证效果。最后,归纳了仿海豹胡须感知技术在稳定性、微型化与信号处理等方面面临的主要挑战,旨在为流场仿生感知技术的理论研究与工程实践提供系统参考与技术支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Marine environment sensing, especially high-precision underwater flow field sensing, is vital for marine resource exploration, autonomous undersea vehicle(AUV) operations, and national defense. However, under low visibility and complex disturbances, conventional optical and acoustic sensing methods face severe limitations in performance and adaptability. Seal whiskers’ undulated geometry suppresses vortex-induced vibrations(VIVs) and enhances signal-to-noise ratio(SNR), while the follicle-sinus complex(FSC) enables sensitive detection of subtle hydrodynamic cues. Biomimetic whisker sensors have emerged as a promising solution to current bottlenecks in sensing technologies. This review systematically summarized recent progress in this field, covering the biological sensing principles of seal whiskers, as well as the design strategies, material choices, and performance optimization of biomimetic sensors based on optical, resistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric mechanisms. Representative applications and effects on fixed and mobile platforms were discussed, followed by an overview of challenges in stability, miniaturization, and signal processing. This work aims to provide a systematic reference and technical support for the theoretical research and engineering practice of biomimetic flow sensing technologies.更多还原