【摘要】 教育改革以教育制度的变革为重要手段，教育制度变革既阻力重重，又充满风险。教育制度创新是积极正向的制度变革，其核心要旨是降低交易成本与实现公平与效率的优化配置。当前我国教育制度创新中修补型制度创新成为主流，协调型制度创新进展迟缓，开放型制度创新空间有限，破除制度内卷的颠覆型创新渐成亟需。教育制度创新的难度与其创新收益成正比，而制度创新的催生依托于社会群体博弈力量的变化、教育危机或教育新需求的驱动、教育竞争驱动、教育主体驱动等内外部因素。制度创新的动因是追求教育理想价值和实践效率的双重实现，而非顾此失彼；其过程是教育外部环境变化与内部因素变化交互作用的结果和多元主体共同参与的结果，而非单一因素或单一主体。为使教育制度创新持续，还须建构多元利益的耦合机制以及实践中的创新扩散机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 Educational reform regards the transformation of the educational system as a critical instrument. This transformation is fraught with challenges and risks, yet it represents a proactive and forward-thinking institutional change. Its fundamental essence lies in minimizing transaction costs while achieving an optimal balance between fairness and efficiency. Currently, in the context of China’s educational system innovation, incremental institutional reforms dominate, coordinated institutional reforms progress slowly, and open institutional reforms face significant constraints. Radical innovation aimed at disrupting internal systemic competition has increasingly become a pressing necessity. The difficulty of institutional innovation in education is directly proportional to its potential benefits, and the emergence of such innovation depends on both internal and external factors, including shifts in the power dynamics of social groups, the impetus from educational crises or emerging demands, competitive pressures within the education sector, and the agency of educational stakeholders. Therefore, the success of a new educational system hinges on its ability to pursue the dual realization of ideal educational values and practical efficiency, avoiding prioritizing one over the other. This process results from the interplay between changes in the external educational environment and internal dynamics, as well as the collaborative involvement of multiple stakeholders rather than reliance on a single factor or actor. To sustain continuous innovation in the educational system, it is imperative to establish a coupling mechanism for multiple interests and a diffusion mechanism for innovation in practice.更多还原