【摘要】 目的 通过横向比较与纵向追踪肥胖与非肥胖儿童的足底压力分布特征及其动态变化，探讨肥胖对足部生物力学的长期影响。方法 选取60名6～10岁儿童，分为肥胖组(n=30)和非肥胖组(n=30)。采用足底压力测试系统，连续3年采集并分析受试者足底压力分布参数。结果 肥胖组第二～五跖骨(M2～5)、足中部(mid foot, MF)、足跟内侧(heel medial, HM)和足跟外侧(heel lateral, HL)区域的压强峰值均显著高于非肥胖组(P<0.05),其中第四跖骨(metatarsal 4, M4)和第五跖骨(metatarsal 5, M5)的压强峰值随年龄增长显著增加(P<0.05),肥胖组M4和M5压强峰值第3年显著高于前两年(P<0.05)。肥胖组M2～5、MF、HM、HL冲量显著大于非肥胖组(P<0.05),且M4、M5和MF冲量随年龄增长显著上升(P<0.05),第3年数值显著高于前两年(P<0.05)。此外，肥胖组足弓指数显著高于非肥胖组(P<0.001),但两组的变化趋势无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论 肥胖儿童足底局部压强峰值和冲量均显著高于非肥胖儿童，且足弓指数较高，表明肥胖儿童更易出现足部不适、损伤及扁平足。肥胖对儿童足部健康的影响并非恒定，而是随着年龄增长逐渐加剧。研究结果肥胖儿童足部健康的评估与管理提供了参考依据，并强调了定期监测和及早干预的重要性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the long-term effects of obesity on foot biomechanics by conducting cross-sectional comparisons and longitudinal tracking of plantar pressure distributions and dynamic changes in children with and without obesity. Methods A total of 60 children aged 6-10 years were divided into the obese(n=30) and non-obese(n=30) groups. The plantar pressure distribution test system was used to collect the distribution parameters of the subjects over 3 consecutive years. Results The pressure peaks of metatarsals 2-5(M2-5), middle foot(MF), heel medial(HM), and heel lateral(HL) in the obese group were significantly higher than those in the non-obese group(P<0.05), and the pressure peaks of metatarsal 4(M4) and metatarsal 5(M5) increased significantly with age(P<0.05). The pressure peaks of M4 and M5 in the obese group in the third year were significantly higher than those in the previous 2 years(P<0.05). The impulses of M2-5, MF, HM, and HL in the obese group were significantly greater than those in the non-obese group(P<0.05), and the impulses of M4, M5, and MF increased significantly with age(P<0.05). The impulses of M4, M5, and MF in the obese group in the third year were significantly higher than those in the previous 2 years(P<0.05). The arch index of the obese group was significantly higher than that of the non-obese group(P<0.001); however, the changing trend did not differ significantly between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusions Children with obesity exhibit significantly higher localized peak plantar pressure and impulse compared with those without obesity, along with a higher arch index, indicating a greater susceptibility to foot discomfort, injury, and flatfoot. Furthermore, the impact of obesity on the foot health of children is not constant but intensifies with age. These findings provide references for assessing and managing foot health in children with obesity, and emphasize the importance of regular monitoring and early intervention.更多还原