【摘要】 爆炸冲击波引发的创伤性脑损伤作为现代战争和民用爆炸事故中的主要致伤类型，其高发性和复杂性引发社会广泛关注，而损伤机制与颅脑防护成为当下研究热点。首先，分析爆炸冲击波的动态载荷特性，并介绍颅脑本构与有限元模型的开发和验证，用于探讨颅脑在爆炸波和枪弹冲击作用下组织和细胞层面的力学响应。其次，系统总结国内外研究工作人员在组织和细胞层面的损伤机制研究与颅脑防护的研究现状。最后，指出当前研究面临的挑战和未来发展方向，并强调跨学科合作与创新的重要性，以推动爆炸冲击波作用下颅脑创伤的研究与应用转化。研究结果可为深化致伤机制的理解并推动多学科交叉融合以及防护头盔的研究提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Traumatic brain injury caused by blast shock waves represents a significant type of injury in modern warfare and civilian explosion accidents. Its high incidence and complexity have attracted a widespread attention, and the injury mechanism and cranial brain protection have become current research hotspots. This review first analyzes the dynamic load characteristics of blast shock waves and introduces the development and verification of cranial brain constitutive and finite element models to explore the mechanical responses of the cranial brain at tissue and cellular levels under blast waves and bullet impacts. Subsequently, the current state of research on injury mechanisms at tissue and cellular levels and cranial brain protection, is systematically summarized based on domestic and international studies. Finally, the current research challenges and future development directions are outlined, and the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation and innovation to promote the research and application transformation of blast-induced traumatic brain injury is emphasized. The findings provide a valuable reference for enhancing the comprehension of injury mechanism and fostering multi-disciplinary integration and protective helmet development.更多还原