【摘要】 目的 联合熵权优劣解距离法和秩和比法对冰球头盔防护性能进行等级评价，明确等级评价的有效性及影响因素，以及防护性能与购买价格的关系。方法 低温和常温处理后的24个冰球头盔，通过碰撞试验机中的单轴加速度计采集下落冲击时的线性加速度数据，基于STAR模型联合熵权优劣解距离法和秩和比法对头盔防护性能进行等级评价。采用单因素方差分析或Kruskal-Wallis H法确定各组间的防护性能差异，通过Pearson相关系数分析各指标间的相关性。结果 综合防护性能分档等级，CCM TACKS 310、IBX、BAUD、WARRIORS COVERT RS PRO头盔为差，BAUER REAKT 150、HYPERLITE、REAKT 200头盔为优，其余为中。常温STAR(A)与Rowson’s STAR值，综合T_i与低、常温T_i呈中或高度正相关(P<0.05),且综合T_i值满足方差齐性(P>0.05),组间存在差异(P<0.05)。低温指标不同组间存在差异(P<0.05),且权重位列各指标前3位，常温指标未受等级影响(P>0.05)。综合T_i与购买价格呈低度正相关(P<0.05)。结论 基于吸能测试方案联合熵权优劣解距离法和秩和比法可对冰球头盔综合防护性能进行有效的等级评价，低温指标用于评价及等级分档的效果依次优于常温指标和价格。不建议消费者将价格作为评价冰球头盔综合防护性能的依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective The combined entropy weight technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS) and rank sum ratio(RSR) methods were utilized to rate the protective performance of ice hockey helmets, and the effectiveness and influencing factors of the rating system, as well as the relationship between protective performance and purchase price were explored. Methods The linear acceleration data during impact drops of twenty-four ice hockey helmets were collected using a uniaxial accelerometer in a collision test machine after low and ambient temperature treatments. The protective performance of ice hockey helmets was rated using the STAR model combined with the entropy weight TOPSIS and RSR methods. One-way ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis H test was employed to assess the differences in protective performance among helmets across different grade groups. The correlation between different indicators was analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results The comprehensive protective performance ratings of the CCM TACKS 310, IBX, BAUD, and WARRIORS COVERT RS PRO helmets were classified as poor, whereas the BAUER REAKT 150, HYPERLITE, and REAKT 200 helmets were rated as excellent. The remaining helmets were rated as moderate. There was a moderate to high positive correlation between the ambient temperature STAR(A) and Rowson’s STAR values, the comprehensive T_i and low temperature T_i, the comprehensive T_i and ambient temperature T_i(P<0.05). The comprehensive T_i satisfied the homogeneity of variance(P>0.05) and exhibited significant differences among groups(P<0.05). Significant differences were found in the low temperature indicators among different groups(P<0.05), and their weight coefficients ranked among the top three. The ambient temperature indicators were not affected by the protective performance grade(P>0.05). A weak positive correlation existed between the comprehensive T_i and purchase price(P<0.05). Conclusions According to the energy absorption test protocol, the combined entropy weight TOPSIS and RSR methods can efficiently rate the comprehensive protective performance of ice hockey helmets. The effectiveness of using low temperature indicators for the comprehensive evaluation and rating of ice hockey helmet protective performance is superior to that of ambient temperature indicators and purchase price. Consumers are advised not to use price as a criterion for evaluating the comprehensive protective performance of ice hockey helmets.更多还原