【摘要】 山地是全球变化的前哨。现有全球变化遥感数据集产品空间分辨率大多为公里级，难以准确表征山地陆表强烈的时空间异质特征，山地生态系统对全球变化的响应和适应科学认知亟需高时空分辨率、空间无缝、精度可靠的遥感产品支撑。面向山地生态系统立体观测与高分辨率监测产品需求，科学技术部在“十三五”国家重点研发计划“全球变化及应对”重点专项中资助了“山地生态系统全球变化关键参数立体观测与高分辨率产品研制”项目（2020—2025）。本文简要介绍了该项目的立项背景、拟解决的关键科学问题、主要研究内容、实施方案和预期成果，系统综述了项目执行以来在山地生态系统全球变化关键参数近地面立体观测实验体系、时空尺度扩展、遥感反演模型和遥感产品研制中已取得的研究进展。项目预期将提出1套山地生态系统全球变化关键参数立体综合观测实验适用技术，生产王朗典型山地区域14种关键参数、高分辨率参考“真值”产品，形成11种关键参数的高分辨率产品生产能力，研制出世界首套覆盖全球山地7种关键参数、25年、逐月、30 m高分辨率数据集产品。研究成果将促进中国对全球山地生态系统的综合监测能力，为山地全球变化和可持续发展研究，特别是山区生态环境保护、防灾减灾、农业生产、水资源管理等提供科学数据和技术支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mountains serve as sentinels of global change, exhibiting an accelerated warming trend with increasing elevation. Global change directly impacts critical mountain surface processes including hydrological cycles, ecological dynamics, and biogeochemical fluxes, thereby threatening future water resource availability and ecosystem services in mountainous regions. While remote sensing Earth observation provides essential data sources for studying mountain ecosystem dynamics, most existing global change remote sensing datasets exhibit kilometer-level spatial resolutions that inadequately characterize the intense spatiotemporal heterogeneity of mountain surfaces. There is an urgent need for high spatiotemporal resolution, spatially seamless, and accuracy-reliable remote sensing products to enhance scientific understanding of mountain ecosystems’ responses and adaptations to global change. In recent years, the mountain remote sensing modeling and parameter retrieving algorithms have witnessed significant advances, where comprehensive field observation platforms for typical mountainous regions have been established. These developments have laid a solid foundation for conducting stereoscopic monitoring of global change-critical parameters in mountain ecosystems and subsequent high-resolution product development. Addressing the requirements for stereoscopic observation and high-resolution monitoring products in mountain ecosystems, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China funded the project named “the stereoscopic observation and high spatial resolution products development of key global change parameters for mountain ecosystem”(2020—2025) in the key programme of “Global Change and Response” under the National Key Research and Development Plan during the 13th Five-Year Plan period. This paper outlines the project’s background, key scientific challenges, research objectives, implementation framework, and expected outcomes. It systematically reviews progress achieved in establishing near-surface stereoscopic observation systems, spatiotemporal scaling expansion methods, remote sensing retrieval models, and product development for global change parameters in mountain ecosystems. This project will establish ground-aerial-satellite stereoscopic observation technology by combining ground-based, aerial, and satellite platforms across different topographic gradients and ecosystem types through terrain-specific experimental designs, and will develop the spatiotemporal scaling expansion models for complex terrains to create high-resolution reference “truth” products for Wanglang mountainous regions. The project will also develop terrain-adapted remote sensing retrieval models, and produce the world’s first set of global mountain remote sensing products featuring seven key parameters at 30m spatial resolution with monthly temporal resolution. The project is expected to propose a set of applicable technology for threedimensional comprehensive observation of key parameters of global changes in mountain ecosystems, produce 14 kinds of key parameters and high-resolution reference “truth” products in typical mountain areas of Wanglang, and form a high-resolution product production capacity of 11 kinds of key parameters. The world’s first set of global mountain remote sensing products with 7 key parameters, 25 years(2000—2024), monthly, 30 meters high-resolution will be produced. The project is expected to promote China’s comprehensive monitoring capability of the global mountain ecosystem, and provide scientific data and technical support for research on global mountain change and the sustainable development of mountain society, especially mountain ecological environment protection, disaster prevention and reduction, agricultural production and water resources management.更多还原