【摘要】 背景 脑性瘫痪（脑瘫）干预方法有数百种，如何选择疗效明确且性价比高的干预手段成了康复专业人员和家长面临的困境。目的 构建儿童和青少年脑瘫干预的推荐体系的第一步是儿童青少年脑瘫干预方法的名称统一。设计范围综述。方法 基于儿童青少年脑瘫干预方法，构建系统文献检索PICO，在中文数据库（知网和万方）和英文数据库（Pubmed、Cochrane、Web of Science）中检索，对目标数据库中检索到的文献下载并去重后，在讨论和确定初筛和复筛文献纳入和排除标准下行双人背靠背文献筛选。干预方法汇总原则：（1）干预方法名称均以中文形式表达，英文干预名称利用GOOGLE和百度2个翻译工具进行中文翻译和比对，经查询中文网页，确定干预方法中文常用译名，存在多种中文常用译名时，根据中文相关指南、使用频率和干预要素专家组讨论确定统一名称；（2）将≤3种干预方法相结合的联合疗法（除外单纯康复护理）拆分为各个单一的干预方法；（3）根据中文干预名称完全一致的干预方法汇总。单篇文献干预特征提取：从文献方法学（必要时从讨论）部分提取干预措施，根据描述的干预措施，提炼出方法、部位、原理或机制和目的4个特征，其中必需具备方法和目的2个特征。相同名称干预方法特征提取采用饱和提取法：(1)相同名称的干预方法的多篇文献根据发表时间由近及远排列；(2)文献数量≤50篇时，连续15篇文献没有新的干预特征信息补充，视为干预特征信息饱和（终止提取）；(3)文献数量>50篇时，连续20%文献没有新的干预特征信息补充，视为干预特征信息饱和。主要结局指标统一中英文名称后的儿童青少年脑瘫干预方法。结果 依据本研究设定的目标数据库系统检索到9 853篇文献，纳入本文分析2 501篇，年龄<12岁1 159篇（46.3%）；男女比例为1.9∶1；单篇文献样本量3～5 500例；干预目标涉及粗大运动的文献最多（1 699篇，67.9%），其次为生活质量/社会生活能力（1 196篇，51.8%），随后为肌张力941篇（37.6%）、上肢功能582篇（23.3%）、语言/认知功能314篇（12.6%）、平衡/协调220篇（8.8%）、关节活动度153篇（6.1%），涉及吞咽功能、流涎、情绪/心理状态、营养/胃肠道功能等干预目标的文献较少（<50篇）。最终合并为290种中英文干预方法，针刺、A型肉毒毒素、引导式教育、限制诱导运动疗法、推拿、悬吊训练>50篇文献。结论 儿童脑瘫干预方法290种，文献报告最多的是针刺、A型肉毒毒素、引导式教育、限制诱导运动疗法、推拿、悬吊训练，粗大运动和肌张力为干预的主要目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 Background With hundreds of intervention methods available for cerebral palsy(CP), selecting interventions with proven efficacy and cost-effectiveness poses a significant challenge for rehabilitation professionals and caregivers. Objective The first step in establishing a recommendation system for CP interventions in children and adolescents is to standardize the nomenclature of these interventions. Design Scoping review. Methods Based on CP interventions for children/adolescents, a systematic literature search strategy was constructed using the PICO framework. Searches were conducted in Chinese databases(CNKI, Wanfang) and English databases(PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science). After deduplication of retrieved records, two reviewers independently performed initial and full-text screening using predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Intervention summarization principles were as follows:(1) All intervention names were standardized in Chinese. English names were translated using Google Translate and Baidu Translate, with comparisons against common Chinese translations from authoritative web sources. For interventions with multiple Chinese translations, unified names were determined through Chinese clinical guidelines, usage frequency, and expert consensus on core intervention elements;(2) Combined therapies integrating ≤3 interventions(excluding basic rehabilitation nursing) were decomposed into individual methods;(3) Interventions were aggregated based on identical Chinese names.The feature extraction methodology per record was as follows:Intervention details were extracted from methodology/discussion sections, which were distilled into four features: method, location, principle/mechanism, and purpose; Saturation criteria for identical interventions were as follows:(1) Records sorted by recency(newest first)；(2)When the number of records was ≤50, intervention feature information was considered saturated(extraction terminated) if no additional feature information was identified in 15 consecutive records；(3)When the number of records exceeded 50, intervention feature information was defined as saturated(extraction terminated) if examination of a consecutive series comprising 20% of the total records yielded no additional feature information. Main outcome measures Unified Chinese-English nomenclature for CP interventions. Results Systematic searches identified 9,853 records, yielding 2,501 records for analysis. Focus on children <12 years: 1,159(46.3%). Male-to-female ratio: 1.9∶1. Sample sizes ranged from 3 to 5,500 per study. The largest number of studies focused on interventions targeting gross motor function(1,699 articles, 67.9%), followed by quality of life/social living skills(1,196 articles, 51.8%), then muscle tone(941 articles, 37.6%), upper limb function(582 articles, 23.3%), language/cognitive function(314 articles, 12.6%), balance/coordination(220 articles, 8.8%), and joint range of motion(153 articles, 6.1%). There were fewer studies(fewer than 50 articles) targeting swallowing function, drooling, emotional/psychological state, and nutrition/gastrointestinal function. Interventions were consolidated into 290 distinct methods with unified nomenclature. Those with >50 records included: acupuncture, botulinum toxin type A, conductive education, constraint-induced movement therapy(CIMT), tuina, and suspension training. Conclusion This review identifieds 290 CP intervention methods. The most frequently reported are acupuncture, botulinum toxin type A, conductive education, CIMT, tuina, and suspension training. Gross motor function and muscle tone are the predominant intervention targets.更多还原