【摘要】 目的 分析广东省2006—2023年新发职业性化学中毒（OCP）的流行病学特征。方法 基于我国职业病网络报告的《职业病报告卡》收集广东省2006—2023年中新发OCP病例基本信息，采用描述性流行病学方法分析其流行病学特征。结果 广东省2006—2023年共报告新发OCP病例2 201例，历年病例数呈“曲折式”下降趋势，年均下降率为6.98%。职业性急性化学中毒（OACP）、职业性慢性化学中毒（OCCP）分别占18.08%和81.92%。OACP中，病例数居前5位的病种分别为其他OCP、职业性急性1,2-二氯乙烷中毒、职业性急性二甲基甲酰胺中毒、职业性急性有机磷中毒和职业性急性硫化氢中毒，共占77.14%(307/398)。OCCP中，病例数居前5位的病种分别为职业性慢性苯中毒、职业性慢性正己烷中毒、职业性慢性铅中毒、职业性慢性镉中毒和职业性慢性汞中毒，共占97.67%(1 761/1 803)，以职业性慢性苯中毒构成比最高（占67.22%）。新发OCP病例主要集中在珠江三角洲地区，占96.00%；地区以东莞市、深圳市和广州市为主，共占69.29%；主要分布于制造业、内资企业、中小型企业，分别占93.82%、54.98%和70.88%；男性占52.57%，年龄以<50岁者多见（占91.32%），工龄以<5年者多见（占60.29%）。OACP和OCCP在性别、年龄和工龄分布上差异均有统计学意义（P值均<0.01）。结论 广东省新发OCP呈病种集中、地区集中、行业集中、企业集中、人员集中和社会风险高的“五集中一高”特征。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of newly diagnosed occupational chemical poisoning(OCP) cases in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2023. Methods The basic information of newly diagnosed OCP cases in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2023 was collected from the Occupational Disease Report Card of the occupational disease network reporting system in China. The epidemiological characteristics were analyzed by the descriptive epidemiological methods. Results A total of 2 201 newly diagnosed OCP cases were reported in Guangdong Province during 2006-2023, showing a fluctuating downward trend with an average annual decrease rate of 6.98%. Occupational acute chemical poisoning(OACP) and occupational chronic chemical poisoning(OCCP) accounted for 18.08% and 81.92% of cases, respectively. Among the OACP cases, the top five disease categories were other OCP, occupational acute 1,2-dichloroethane poisoning, occupational acute dimethylformamide poisoning, occupational acute organophosphate poisoning, and occupational acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning, accounting for 77.14%(307/398). Among the OCCP cases, the top five disease categories were occupational chronic benzene poisoning, occupational chronic n-hexane poisoning, occupational chronic lead poisoning, occupational chronic cadmium poisoning and occupational chronic mercury poisoning, accounting for 97.67%(1 761/1 803), with occupational chronic benzene poisoning being the most prevalent(67.22%). Newly diagnosed OCP cases were predominantly concentrated in the Pearl River Delta region(96.00%), particularly in Dongguan City, Shenzhen City, and Guangzhou City, accounting for 69.29%. The cases mainly occurred in the manufacturing industry, domestically funded enterprises, and small-and medium-sized enterprises, accounting for 93.82%, 54.98%, and 70.88%, respectively. Males accounted for 52.57% of cases, individuals aged <50 years accounted for 91.32%, and workers with <5 years of service accounted for 60.29%. There were significant differences in the distribution of gender, age and length of service between the OACP and OCCP cases(all P<0.01). Conclusion The newly diagnosed OCP cases in Guangdong Province demonstrates a pattern characterized by concentration in disease types, geographic regions, industries, enterprise types, and affected populations, along with a high level of social risk, which was summarized as the feature of "five areas of concentrations and one high-risk factor".更多还原