Antimony nanoparticles encapsulated in three-dimensional porous carbon frameworks for high-performance rechargeable batteries

【摘要】 Antimony （Sb） is regarded as a potential candidate for next-generation anode materials for rechargeable batteries because it has a high theoretical specific capacity,excellent conductivity and appropriate reaction potential.However,Sb-based anodes suffer from severe volume expansion of>135%during the lithiation–delithiation process.Hence,we construct a novel Sb@C composite encapsulating the Sb nanoparticles into highly conductive three-dimensional porous carbon frameworks via the onestep magnesiothermic reduction （MR）.The porous carbon provides buffer spaces to accommodate the volume expansion of Sb.Meanwhile,the three-dimensional （3D）interconnected carbon frameworks shorten the ion/electron transport pathway and inhibit the overgrowth of unstable solid-electrolyte interfaces （SEIs）.Consequently,the 3D Sb@C composite displays remarkable electrochemical performance,including a high average Coulombic efficiency （CE） of>99%,high initial capability of 989 mAh·g^-1,excellent cycling stability for over 1000cycles at a high current density of 5 A·g^-1.Furthermore,employing a similar approach,this 3D Sb@C design paradigm holds promise for broader applications across fast-charging and ultralong-life battery systems beyond Li⁺.This work aims to advance practical applications for Sb-based anodes in next-generation batteries.更多还原

【Abstract】 Antimony （Sb） is regarded as a potential candidate for next-generation anode materials for rechargeable batteries because it has a high theoretical specific capacity,excellent conductivity and appropriate reaction potential.However,Sb-based anodes suffer from severe volume expansion of>135%during the lithiation–delithiation process.Hence,we construct a novel Sb@C composite encapsulating the Sb nanoparticles into highly conductive three-dimensional porous carbon frameworks via the onestep magnesiothermic reduction （MR）.The porous carbon provides buffer spaces to accommodate the volume expansion of Sb.Meanwhile,the three-dimensional （3D）interconnected carbon frameworks shorten the ion/electron transport pathway and inhibit the overgrowth of unstable solid-electrolyte interfaces （SEIs）.Consequently,the 3D Sb@C composite displays remarkable electrochemical performance,including a high average Coulombic efficiency （CE） of>99%,high initial capability of 989 mAh·g^-1,excellent cycling stability for over 1000cycles at a high current density of 5 A·g^-1.Furthermore,employing a similar approach,this 3D Sb@C design paradigm holds promise for broader applications across fast-charging and ultralong-life battery systems beyond Li⁺.This work aims to advance practical applications for Sb-based anodes in next-generation batteries.更多还原