【摘要】 食品安全问题对公众健康和社会经济发展构成严重威胁，食品在储运过程中因温度波动导致的腐败问题尤为突出.化学型时间-温度指示剂（TTI）作为一种创新的智能包装技术，旨在通过实时监测食品供应链中的时间-温度累积效应，动态评估食品质量与安全，解决传统监测方法在成本、灵敏度和可视化等方面的不足，为食品工业的智能包装技术革新提供理论支持.该文系统综述了化学型TTI的作用机理、应用现状及发展趋势.首先阐述了TTI的核心工作原理，包括基于热致聚合、扩散效应、光致变色等化学反应的变色机制，以及活化能匹配原则在精准预测食品保质期中的关键作用.其次，对主流TTI技术的核心原理、适用场景、优缺点及关键参数进行了对比分析，并结合具体案例探讨了其实际应用效果.同时综述了响应性聚合物、纳米技术、实验与计算模型等前沿技术在TTI中的创新应用，分析了TTI在安全性、精度、成本及商业化等方面面临的挑战，并提出了相应的解决策略.研究表明，TTI的变色能力与食品质量变化的温度依赖性匹配程度直接影响其监测精度，当TTI与食品的活化能差值绝对值≤25 kJ·mol^-1时，可实现准确监测.商业化TTI产品已在疫苗、乳制品、肉类、海产品等领域得到应用，但国内商业化进程较慢.纳米技术的引入显著提升了TTI的灵敏度和环境适应性，而响应性聚合物则拓展了其在复杂环境下的应用场景.然而，传统TTI存在化学毒性、低温储存限制、环境干扰敏感等问题，新型生物相容性材料和智能化技术的发展为解决这些问题提供了新方向.化学型TTI在食品安全监测中具有广阔的应用前景，其技术创新需聚焦于材料化学机制与食品劣变动力学的深度融合，通过纳米材料表面修饰、材料基因组学与冷链物联网技术的结合，构建“智能响应材料+区块链溯源”的下一代TTI设计框架.未来需进一步解决生物相容性、规模化生产、环境适应性等关键问题，推动TTI技术从实验室走向产业化，同时加强政策引导和市场推广，使其成为保障食品安全、减少食品浪费的重要工具.更多还原

【Abstract】 Food safety issues pose a serious threat to public health and socio-economic development, with food spoilage caused by temperature fluctuations during storage and transportation being particularly prominent. As an innovative smart packaging technology, chemical time-temperature indicators（TTI） aim to dynamically assess food quality and safety by real-time monitoring of the cumulative time-temperature effects in the food supply chain. They address the shortcomings of traditional monitoring methods in terms of cost, sensitivity, and visualization, providing theoretical support for the innovation of smart packaging technologies in the food industry. This paper systematically reviews the working mechanisms, application status, and development trends of chemical TTI. First, the core working principles of TTI are elaborated, including color change mechanisms based on thermally induced polymerization, diffusion effects, photochromism and other chemical reactions, as well as the critical role of the activation energy matching principle in accurately predicting food shelf life. Second, a comparative analysis is conducted on the core principles, applicable scenarios, advantages/disadvantages, and key parameters of mainstream TTI technologies. Their practical application effects are discussed through specific cases. Additionally, the innovative applications of cutting-edge technologies in TTI are reviewed, including responsive polymers, nanotechnology, and experimental/computational models. Challenges facing TTI in terms of safety, accuracy, cost, and commercialization are analyzed, with corresponding solutions proposed. Studies show that the monitoring accuracy of TTI directly depends on the matching degree between their color change capability and the temperature dependence of food quality changes. Accurate monitoring can be achieved when the absolute value of the activation energy difference between the TTI and the food is ≤25 kJ·mol^-1. Commercial TTI products have been applied in vaccines, dairy products, meat, seafood and other fields, though the commercialization process in China remains slow. The introduction of nanotechnology has significantly improved the sensitivity and environmental adaptability of TTI, while responsive polymers have expanded their application scenarios in complex environments. However, traditional TTI still face issues such as chemical toxicity, limitations in low-temperature storage, and sensitivity to environmental interference. The development of new biocompatible materials and intelligent technologies provides new directions for solving these problems. Chemical TTI have broad application prospects in food safety monitoring. Technological innovation should focus on the deep integration of material chemical mechanisms and food deterioration kinetics. By combining nanomaterial surface modification, material genomics, and cold chain IoT technologies, a next-generation TTI design framework of "intelligent responsive materials + blockchain traceability" can be constructed. In the future, key issues such as biocompatibility, large-scale production, and environmental adaptability need to be further addressed to promote the transformation of TTI technology from the laboratory to industrialization. Meanwhile, strengthened policy guidance and market promotion will enable TTIs to become important tools for ensuring food safety and reducing food waste.更多还原