【摘要】 由于部分西方学者总是以一种“断裂”的解释范式来看待马克思恩格斯的理论差异，对恩格斯的思想理论往往持批判态度，更有甚者根据此种解释范式提出了“马恩对立论”。而事实上，恩格斯作为马克思主义发展史上的关键性人物之一，其对马克思的理论阐释，尤其是晚年对马克思主义的捍卫和发展做出了巨大的理论贡献。通过梳理恩格斯自然辩证法的理论旨趣、恩格斯与马克思“两种生产理论”、恩格斯晚年对意识形态能动作用及历史唯物主义方法论的阐释，可以发现马恩二人并非所谓的对立关系，而是捍卫、继承和发展的统一关系。深刻领会恩格斯晚年对历史唯物主义相关理论的捍卫和发展，对于我们正确甄辨这种“对立”、在21世纪坚持和发展马克思主义、建设中国特色社会主义事业具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since some Western scholars always view the theoretical differences between Marx and Engels with an interpretive paradigm of “discontinuity”, they tend to take a critical stance towards Engels’ ideological theories, and, what is more, based on this very paradigm, some even put forward the erroneous claim of “Marx-Engels opposition”. In fact, as one of the key figures in the development history of Marxism, Engels made tremendous theoretical contributions to the interpretation of Marx’s ideological theories, especially to defending and developing Marxism in his later years. By combing the theoretical purpose of Engels’ dialectics of nature, Engels and Marx’s “two theories of production”, Engels’ later interpretation of the dynamic role of ideology and the methodology of historical materialism, we can that Marx and Engels were not in a so-called antagonistic relationship, but in a unified relationship of defense, inheritance, and development. A profound understanding of Engels’ theoretical interpretation of historical materialism in his later years is of great significance for us to correctly distinguish the so-called “opposition”, adhere to and develop Marxism, and build socialism with Chinese characteristics in the 21st century.更多还原