【摘要】 在大数据与人工智能相结合的生产方式变革背景下，数据的财产属性获得广泛认可，由此引发财产权客体范围的扩张。数据财产的确权难以沿用传统财产权确权规则，原因在于数据财产具有决策工具性、应用场景性、高速处理性的技术属性。立足于现实视角，数据本质是信息的记录形式，往往需要经过许可才得以完成从信息向数据形式的转化。从信息许可使用的相对性债权到数据财产的排他性产权的确认，数据财产的合理确权成为一项重要的议题。数据财产确权的实质是识别数据财产支配性的法律关系。在技术层面，由于大数据与人工智能的深度融合，数据财产在识别的基础上实施技术性控制即完成了事实上的控权，其符合通过事实行为获得数据财产确权效果的基本理论。在规范层面，数据财产确权应当以大数据行业中正当竞争法益为根本识别标准，将数据财产权初始配置于数据处理者，形成“数据处理者权”，即数据处理者权的保护范围以其技术性控制的数据产品为限；数据处理者权的客体为数据产品，包含用户行为分析型、智能应用型、动态数据仓库型等具体形式；合理划分数据处理者与数据使用者、数据来源者之间的权利边界。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the context of production transformation driven by the integration of big data and artificial intelligence, the proprietary nature of data has gained widespread recognition, leading to an expansion in the scope of property rights objects. The determination of data property rights cannot readily follow traditional property rights rules, as data possesses technical characteristics such as instrumental value in decision-making, context-dependent application, and high-speed processing. From a practical standpoint, data is essentially a recorded form of information, and its transformation from raw information into structured data often requires authorization. The shift from the relative contractual rights involved in information licensing to the establishment of exclusive property rights over data makes the proper allocation of data property rights a crucial issue. At its core, defining data property rights involves identifying the legal relationship that governs control over data. At the technical level, the deep integration of big data and AI enables factual control over data through technical means once identification is achieved. This aligns with the legal theory that factual acts can establish property rights over data. From a normative perspective, the determination of data property rights should be based on the legitimate competitive interests within the big data industry. Initial rights should be allocated to data processors, thereby establishing “data processor rights”. Specifically, the scope of data processor rights is limited to the data products under their technical control. The object of such rights comprises data products, including forms such as user behavior analytics, intelligent applications, and dynamic data warehouses. Clear boundaries should be established among the rights of data processors, data users, and data originators.更多还原