【摘要】 为探究杜鹃花属植物种子形态特征及萌发特性，利用体式显微镜（LIOO SZ745）对采集的8种杜鹃花属植物种子的形态结构进行观测，并探究赤霉素（GA₃）浓度、GA₃处理时间、清水浸种时间等对杜鹃花属植物种子萌发特性的影响，不同种源、不同杜鹃花属植物之间萌发特性的比较分析以及种子大小对植物萌发的影响。结果表明：（1）杜鹃花属植物种子呈纺锤形、椭圆形等形态，种子细小，照山白种子的纵径、纵径横径比极显著高于其他3种杜鹃花属植物种子的纵径、纵径横径比（P<0.01），羊踯躅种子的横径极显著高于其他3种杜鹃花属种子的横径（P<0.01）。（2）照山白种子在GA₃0 mg/L、GA₃处理4 h、清水浸种24 h时发芽率最高，映山红种子在GA₃100 mg/L、GA₃处理12 h、清水浸种48 h时发芽率最高，迎红杜鹃种子在GA₃400 mg/L、GA₃处理4 h、清水浸种时间24 h时发芽率最高，羊踯躅种子在GA₃0 mg/L、GA₃处理4 h、清水浸种48 h时发芽率最高。（3）不同种源间杜鹃花属植物种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽时滞、发芽高峰期、发芽持续时间和发芽指数存在差异，映山红发芽率、发芽势最高，迎红杜鹃发芽时滞、发芽高峰期和发芽持续时间最长，羊踯躅发芽指数最大。（4）杜鹃花属植物种子纵径、横径、纵横比与发芽率、发芽势、发芽时滞、发芽高峰期、发芽持续时间和发芽指数均呈负相关。研究结果可为杜鹃花属植物的品种鉴定、引种繁殖提供理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to explore the morphological characteristics and germination characteristics of Rhododendron species, the morphological structures of seeds from eight species were observed using a stereo microscope（LIOO SZ745）. We also explored the impacts of gibberellin（GA₃） concentration, GA₃ treatment time, and soaking time in water on the germination traits of Rhododendron species. Additionally, we conducted a comparative analysis of germination traits among different species and provenances of Rhododendron species,as well as the impact of seed size on germination. The results showed that:（1） the seeds of the Rhododendronspecies were spindle-shaped, oval and small, the longitudinal and the aspect ratio of R.micranthum seeds was significantly higher than the other three Rhododendron seeds, the transverse diameter of the R. molle seeds was significantly higher than the other three Rhododendron seeds（P<0.01）.（2） R.micranthum had the highest germination rate at GA₃0 mg/L, 4 h in the processing time, and the soaking time of 24 h; R. simsii seed was the highest in germination rate at GA₃100 mg/L, the processing time was 12 h, and the soaking time was 48 h; when the GA₃400 mg/L, the processing time was 4 h, the soaking time was 24 h, the germination rate of the R. mucronulatum was the highest; when the GA₃0 mg/L, the processing time was 4 h,the soaking time was 48 h, the germination rate of R. molle was the highest.（3） There were differences in germination rate, germination potential, germination lag, germination peak, germination duration and germination index of Rhododendron seeds among different provenances. R. simsii had the highest germination rate and germination potential, R. mucronulatum had the longest germination lag, germination peak and germination duration, and R. molle had the largest germination index.（4） The longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter and aspect ratio of Rhododendron seeds were negatively correlated with germination rate, germination potential, germination time lag, germination peak period, germination duration and germination index. This study can provide a theoretical basis for species identification and introduction and propagation of Rhododendron plants.更多还原