【摘要】 【目的】深入探究克拉玛依农业开发区土壤盐分的分布特征和主导特征因子，解决影响当地可持续发展的土壤次生盐渍化问题。【方法】采用野外调查取样与室内实验分析相结合的方法，开展盐分描述性分析、盐分离子组成相关性分析以及主成分分析。【结果】灌区土壤总体属于轻度盐化土，土壤盐分存在表聚现象；灌区内盐分分布不均衡，0～40 cm土层全盐表现出强变异性，而40～120 cm土层则表现为中等变异性；盐分离子含量由高到低为：SO₄^2->K⁺+Na⁺>Cl^->Ca²⁺>HCO₃^->Mg²⁺，土壤盐分含量较高的区域主要集中在灌区南部、北部及中部偏东位置；土壤全盐含量与HCO₃^-未表现出显著相关性，但与其他离子呈现极显著正相关，灌区土壤盐分类型为氯化物-硫酸盐型；主成分分析结果表明，Cl^-、SO₄^2-、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺和Na⁺+K⁺可作为研究区土壤盐化的主导特征因子，而HCO₃^-可作为土壤碱化的主导特征因子，通过测算主成分得分可以有效评估和判断不同土壤样点的盐碱度情况。【结论】研究结果可为当地盐渍化土壤防治提出针对性的改良与治理对策提供理论基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】 In order to further explore the distribution characteristics and dominant characteristic factors of soil salinity in Karamay Agricultural Development Zone, and solve the problem of soil secondary salinization affecting local sustainable development.【Methods】combination of field survey sampling and indoor experimental analysis was used to carry out salt descriptive analysis, salt ion composition correlation analysis and principal component analysis.【Results】The soil in the irrigation area is generally mildly salinized soil, and there is a phenomenon of surface accumulation of soil salinity. The total salt in 0～40 cm soil layer showed strong variability, while that in 40～120 cm soil layer showed moderate variability. Salt ion content: SO₄^2->K⁺+Na⁺>Cl^->Ca²⁺>HCO₃^->Mg²⁺. The areas with high soil salt content are mainly concentrated in the southern, northern and central eastern parts of the irrigation area. There was no significant correlation between soil total salt and HCO₃^-, but there was a significant positive correlation with other ions. The soil salt type in the irrigation area was chloride-sulfate type. The results of principal component analysis showed that Cl-, SO₄^2-, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺and K⁺+Na⁺ could be used as the dominant characteristic factors of soil salinization in the study area, while HCO₃^- could be used as the dominant characteristic factor of soil alkalization. The principal component score could effectively evaluate and judge the salinity and alkalinity of different soil samples.【Conclusion】The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the improvement and treatment of local saline soil prevention and control.更多还原