【摘要】 【目的】为探明不同萌发形态小麦对越冬存活率的响应机制，缓解超晚播小麦生产中基本苗数不足、产量下降的问题。【方法】采用单因素随机区组设计，通过控制小麦种子培养时间，模拟7种超晚播小麦（T1～T7）越冬萌发形态，分析不同形态小麦的干鲜重、相对电导率及渗透调节物质含量的差异，再通过2种低温胁迫（0、-5℃），比较不同形态小麦存活率的差异。【结果】小麦幼苗鲜重、干重及含水量均随培养时间的增加而增加，但T2～T5阶段各指标增加缓慢；相对电导率随培养时间的增加，呈先下降后增加的趋势，以T4～T5萌发阶段为最小；除T1外，可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量均以T4～T5萌发阶段为最高；在0和-5℃条件下，除T1外，T4～T5阶段小麦存活率最高。相关分析得出，存活率与鲜重、干重及含水量呈极显著负相关，与相对电导率无显著相关性，与可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量呈显著正相关。【结论】室内模拟试验结果与大田生产实际情况，新疆北疆超晚播小麦一般选择10月30日～11月5日播种，超晚播小麦冬前生长为T4（现根现芽）至T5（芽长1 cm左右）萌发形态，抗逆性强，越冬性死亡率低，翌年存活率高，产量更有保障，可供实际生产参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】To explore the response mechanism of different germination forms of wheat to overwintering survival rate and alleviate the problem of insufficient basic seedling number and yield decline in ultra late sowing wheat production.【Methods】Using a single factor random block design, by controlling the cultivation time of wheat seeds, seven types of ultra late sowing wheat overwintering germination forms were simulated. The differences in dry and fresh weight, relative conductivity, and osmotic regulatory substance content of different forms of wheat were analyzed. Then, the differences in survival rates of different forms of wheat were compared through two low temperature stresses(0 and -5 ℃).【Results】The fresh weight, dry weight, and water content of wheat seedlings all increase with the increase of cultivation time, but the indicators increase slowly from T2 to T5 stages; The relative conductivity decreases first and then increases with the increase of cultivation time, with the lowest values observed during the T4 to T5 germination stage; Except for T1, the content of soluble sugars and proline was highest during the T4 to T5 germination stage; At 0 and -5 ℃, except for T1, wheat has the highest survival rate in stages T4 to T5. The correlation analysis shows that the survival rate is significantly negatively correlated with fresh weight, dry weight, and water content, but not significantly correlated with relative conductivity. It is significantly positively correlated with soluble sugar and proline content.【Conclusion】Simulation test results and actual field production conditions, ultra late sown wheat in the northern region of Xinjiang is generally sown from October 30 th to November 5 th. Ultra late sown wheat grows from T4(root and bud) to T5(bud length of about 1 cm) before winter, with strong stress resistance, low overwintering mortality rate, high survival rate the following year, and more guaranteed yield, which can be used as a reference for actual production.更多还原