【摘要】 主要介绍了低维度、低密度多主元合金的研究进展与发展前景。多主元合金通常包括中熵合金和高熵合金。高熵合金通过“熵调控”设计理念，克服了传统合金材料在强度与韧性上的限制，展现出优异的力学性能。然而，密度大和成本高的缺点限制了其广泛应用。为解决这些问题，研究者们开发了低维度中、高熵合金材料和低密度高熵合金(即轻质高熵合金)。详细介绍了低维度中、高熵合金和低密度高熵合金的制备方法、性能特点和发展前景。一维多主元合金，即中、高熵合金纤维，主要通过热拉拔、冷拉拔和玻璃包覆法制备，在室温和低温条件下均表现出优异的力学性能，在高熵合金纤维柔性材料和复合材料等领域中应用前景广阔；二维高熵合金，即高熵薄膜，可通过物理气相沉积等技术制备，表现出超高的硬度和良好的高温稳定性，在航空航天、能源等极端条件下的应用潜力巨大；低密度高熵合金，即轻质高熵合金，不仅具有高熵合金高强度、耐腐蚀和耐高温的特性，还具有密度低的优点，在航空航天等极端环境领域将发挥重要作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The article mainly introduces the research progress and development prospects of low dimensional, low-density multi-principal element alloys. Multi-principal element alloys typically include medium entropy alloys and high entropy alloys. High entropy alloys overcome the limitations of traditional alloy materials in strength and toughness through the design concept of “entropy regulation”, exhibiting excellent mechanical properties. However, the drawbacks of high density and cost limit its widespread application. To address these issues, researchers have developed low dimensional medium and high entropy alloy materials and low-density high entropy alloys(i.e. light-weight high entropy alloys). The article provides a detailed introduction to the preparation methods, performance characteristics, and development prospects of low dimensional medium and high entropy alloys, as well as low-density high entropy alloys. One dimensional multi-principal element alloys, namely medium and high entropy alloy fibers, are mainly prepared by hot drawing, cold drawing, and glass coating methods. They exhibit excellent mechanical properties at both room temperature and low temperature conditions, and have broad application prospects in fields such as high entropy alloy fiber flexible materials and composite materials. Two dimensional high entropy alloys, also known as high entropy films, can be prepared through techniques such as physical vapor deposition, exhibiting ultra-high hardness and good high temperature stability. They have enormous potential for applications in extreme conditions such as aerospace and energy. Low-density high entropy alloys, also known as lightweight high entropy alloys, not only have the characteristics of high strength, corrosion resistance, and high temperature resistance of high entropy alloys, but also have the advantage of low density. They will play an important role in extreme environmental fields such as aerospace.更多还原