【摘要】 目的 分析徐州市中小学生筛查性近视与教室环境卫生的关联，为儿童青少年近视防控及教室环境卫生改善提供依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法，于2024年9—10月选取徐州市5个城区和5个涉农郊县61所学校共计21 291名学生进行视力筛查，抽取366间教室进行教室环境卫生监测，监测指标包括教室人均面积、课桌椅分配率、黑板面尺寸、采光照明及噪声等。单因素分析使用χ~2检验，多因素分析采用logistic回归法分析筛查性近视与教室环境卫生的关联。结果 中小学生筛查性近视检出率为65.2%；教室环境监测各指标合格率差异较大，课桌面平均照度、黑板面尺寸合格率(94.8%、73.8%)较高，而黑板反射比、课桌椅分配率合格率（35.8%、1.1%）较低；单因素分析显示，黑板尺寸、黑板反射比及平均照度、课桌面平均照度及均匀度是否合格对学生近视结果影响差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）；多因素logistic回归分析显示，不合格的黑板反射比（OR=1.215,95%CI:1.126～1.310）、课桌面平均照度（OR=2.115,95%CI:1.730～2.585）及课桌面照度均匀度（OR=1.152,95%CI:1.067～1.245）使学生近视发生的风险升高。结论 徐州市中小学生筛查性近视检出率偏高；黑板反射比、课桌面平均照度及课桌面照度均匀度对学生近视发生有较大影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the associations between screened myopia and classroom environmental hygiene among primary and secondary school students in Xuzhou, and to provide scientific evidence for myopia prevention and control in children and adolescents, as well as classroom environment improvement. Methods With a stratified cluster sampling method, 21 291 students from 61 schools in 5 urban districts and 5 suburban counties of Xuzhou were selected for vision screening between September and October 2024. A total of 366 classrooms were sampled for classroom environmental hygiene monitoring. The monitoring indicators included per capita classroom area, desk and chair allocation rate, blackboard dimensions, lighting and illumination, and noise levels. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were employed to examine the associations between screened myopia and classroom environment. Results The detection rate of screened myopia was 65.2% among primary and secondary school students. The monitoring results of school classroom environment indicated the compliance rates of the above parameters were significant differences: higher for desktop average illuminance and blackboard dimensions(94.8%, 73.8%), but lower for blackboard reflectance ratio and desk-chair allocation compliance rate(35.8%, 1.1%). Univariate analysis indicated that blackboard dimensions, blackboard reflectance ratio, blackboard surface average illuminance, desktop average illuminance and uniformity significantly influenced myopia(all P< 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that non-compliant blackboard reflectance ratio(OR= 1.215, 95%CI: 1.126-1.310), desktop average illuminance(OR=2.115, 95%CI: 1.730-2.585) and desktop average illuminance uniformity(OR= 1.152, 95%CI: 1.067-1.245) increased myopia risk. Conclusions The detection rate of screened myopia among primary and secondary school students in Xuzhou City remains high. Blackboard reflectance, ratio desktop average illuminance and uniformity have a significant impact on student myopia onset.更多还原