【摘要】 目的 通过分析北京某高校新生入学体检结果,了解大学生健康状况,为促进大学生健康教育和医疗保障工作提供客观依据。方法 于2024年9月对某高校6 875名入学新生进行健康体检,包括身高、体重、血压、心率、血常规及生化检验,并对体检结果进行统计分析,比较不同性别、不同类别学生超重肥胖、肝功能异常、贫血、高脂血症等检出率的差异及不同体重学生各项指标检出率的差异。结果 大学生入学体检检出率由高到低依次为超重肥胖(12.26%)、肝功能异常(6.14%)、贫血(4.84%)、高胆固醇血症(2.67%)、高甘油三脂血症(1.57%)、肌酐升高(1.44%)、高血压(1.13%)、心电图异常(0.90%)、高血糖(0.87%)。男生超重肥胖、肝功能异常、高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯血症、高血压、心电图异常、高血糖检出率显著高于女生(P<0.05),女生贫血检出率显著高于男生(P<0.05);本科生超重肥胖、高血压、心电图异常检出率显著高于研究生(P<0.05),研究生高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯血症检出率显著高于本科生(P<0.05)。超重肥胖组肝功能异常、高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯血症、高血压、高血糖检出率显著高于体重正常组(P<0.05)。结论 该高校新生营养、代谢和心血管相关指标异常检出率较高,男生肝功能异常、高脂血症等代谢问题严重,特别是超重肥胖群体更应引起高度重视;女生贫血问题高居第一位,不容小视。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the main abnormal health indicators in the admission physical examination of college freshmen and their health status,and to provide basis for enhancing health education and medical security.Methods A total of 6 875 enrolled freshmen from a university in September 2024 underwent admission physical examinations.Data of students’ body height,body mass,blood pressure,heart rate,blood routine,and biochemical tests were collected and their physical examination results were analyzed.Statistical comparisons were performed to evaluate differences of detection rates of overweight/obesity,abnormal liver function,anemia,and hyperlipidemia across genders and academic categories,and weight groups.Results The detection rates ranked as follows:overweight/obesity(12.26%),abnormal liver function(6.14%),anemia(4.84%),hypercholesterolemia(2.67%),hypertriglyceridemia(1.57%),elevated creatinine(1.44%),hypertension(1.13%),abnormal electrocardiogram(0.90%),and hyperglycemia(0.87%).The detection rates of overweight/obesity,abnormal liver function,hypercholesterolemia,hypertriglyceridemia,hypertension,abnormal electrocardiogram,and hyperglycemia were significantly higher in male students than those in female students(P<0.05).The detection rate of anemia was significantly higher in female students than that in male students(P<0.05).The detection rates of overweight/obesity,hypertension,and abnormal electrocardiogram were significantly higher in undergraduates than those in postgraduates(P<0.05).The detection rates of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia were significantly higher in postgraduates than those in undergraduates(P<0.05).The detection rates of abnormal liver function,hypercholesterolemia,hypertriglyceridemia,hypertension,and hyperglycemia were significantly higher in the overweight/obesity group than in the normal weight group(P<0.05).Conclusions The results in this university exhibited notable prevalence of nutritional,metabolic,and cardiovascular abnormalities among students.The metabolic problems including abnormal liver function,hyperlipidemia are serious among male students,especially for overweight/obesity group,while the anaemia emerges as a critical issue among female students.Targeted interventions should prioritize weight management,metabolic monitoring,and gender-specific health strategies.更多还原