【摘要】 目的 探索不同心功能慢性心力衰竭（chronic heart failure,CHF）患者的共病模式，为优化治疗方案和改善患者预后提供科学依据。方法 采用横断面研究方法，收集2018年5月—2022年11月北京内外9家医院495例CHF患者临床信息，应用关联规则分析不同心功能分级患者共病模式，构建CHF患者共病网络并进行可视化分析。结果495例CHF患者共病患病率为96.57%。心功能Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级患者共病比率分别为94.37%、96.81%、97.25%。高血压（67.27%）、高脂血症（48.69%）和糖尿病（46.46%）是CHF患者最常见共病。其中，二种共病患者占比最大，为28.90%。随心功能恶化，肾功能不全、房颤等共病频次呈增加趋势。在心功能Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级患者中，分别挖掘得到34、11和23条强关联规则，进一步揭示了CHF患者高血压、糖尿病和高脂血症之间的关联模式。共病网络图显示心衰患者与高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病等关联密切，存在复杂共患关系。不同心功能患者共病网络密度存在差异，心功能恶化患者共病联系更为复杂。结论 加强临床CHF患者共病防治监管体系，将有助于整合医疗资源、形成更优的个性化干预方案，进而提高慢病防控效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the comorbidity patterns of chronic heart failure(CHF) patients with different cardiac function grades, and to provide a scientific basis for optimizing treatment plans and improving patient prognosis. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect the clinical information of 495 patients with CHF from 9 hospitals inside and outside Beijing from May 2018 to November 2022. Association rule analysis was applied to investigate comorbidity patterns among patients with varying degrees of cardiac function, and a comorbidity network for CHF patients was constructed and visually analyzed. Results The comorbidity prevalence among the 495 CHF patients was 96.57%. The comorbidity ratios for patients with cardiac function grades II, III, and IV were 94.37%, 96.81%, and 97.25%, respectively. Hypertension(67.27%),hyperlipidemia(48.69%), and diabetes(46.46%) were the most common comorbidities among CHF patients, with the highest proportion of patients having two comorbidities(28.90%). As cardiac function declined, the frequency of comorbidities such as renal insufficiency and atrial fibrillation showed an increasing trend. In patients with cardiac function grades II, III, and IV, 34, 11, and 23 strong association rules were identified, respectively, further revealing the associations among hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia in CHF patients. The comorbidity network diagram demonstrated a close association between heart failure patients and conditions such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes, indicating a complex comorbid relationship. There was a difference in comorbidity network density among patients with varying cardiac function levels, with patients experiencing deterioration in cardiac function exhibiting more complex comorbid connections.Conclusion Strengthening the monitoring and management of comorbidities in clinical CHF patients could help integrate medical resources, optimize personalized intervention strategies, and enhance the overall effectiveness of chronic disease prevention and control.更多还原