【摘要】 目的 分析1990—2021年中国0～19岁儿童青少年缺铁性贫血(IDA)疾病负担情况及变化趋势，为各级部门制定防控政策提供参考依据。方法 利用2021年全球疾病负担(GBD)研究数据，提取中国0～19岁人群IDA的患病数、患病率、伤残调整寿命年(DALYs)及DALYs率等指标，运用Joinpoint Regression Program 4.9.0.0软件建立Joinpoint回归模型量化上述指标的变化趋势。结果 2021年，中国0～19岁儿童青少年IDA患病数、患病率、DALYs及DALYs率分别为1 171.77×10~4例、3 505.11/10万、28.94万人年、86.57/10万，较1990年分别下降-71.94%、-62.65%、-75.88%、-67.88%(P均<0.001),平均年度变化百分比(AAPC)分别为-4.02%、-3.12%、-4.48%、-3.60%,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.001);2021年，除DALYs率外，女性其余3项指标均显著高于男性(P均<0.001),且下降幅度较男性小。IDA年龄分布呈现“U型”特征：5岁以下组负担最重(患病数486.69×10~4例，患病率6 034.48/10万),15～19岁组出现反弹，尤其女性患病数(184.61×10~4例)和患病率(5 337.18/10万)已接近5岁以下组水平。结论 1990—2021年中国儿童青少年IDA疾病负担显著减轻，但存在年龄和性别差异，需重点关注5岁以下儿童防控效果巩固及青春期女生IDA反弹问题，探索并制定更多更有针对性的营养改善政策和综合干预措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the disease burden and changing trends of iron deficiency anemia(IDA) among children and adolescents in China from 1990 to 2021, and to provide evidence for policymakers to formulate prevention and control strategies. Methods Data from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD) 2021 study were used to extract indicators of iron deficiency anemia(IDA) among Chinese children and adolescents aged 0-19 years, including prevalent case number, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years(DALYs), and DALYs rate. Joinpoint regression models were established using Joinpoint Regression Program 4.9.0.0 to quantify trends in these indicators. Results In 2021, the prevalent case number, prevalence, DALYs, and DALYs rate of IDA among Chinese children and adolescents aged 0-19 years were 1 171.77×10~4,3 505.11/10~5,28.94×10~4, and 86.57/10~5, respectively.Compared with 1990, these values decreased by 71.94%, 62.65%, 75.88%, and 67.88%(all P<0.001). Gender differences revealed that females had significantly higher values than males in all four indicators except DALYs rate(P<0.001), with smaller declines than males. Age distribution of IDA exhibited a “U-shaped” pattern: the group under 5 years had the highest burden(486.69×10~4 cases, prevalence 6 034.48/10~5), while the 15-19 years group showed a rebound, particularly in females(184.61×10~4 cases, prevalence 5 337.18/10~5), approaching the levels of the group under 5 years. Conclusion The disease burden of IDA among Chinese children and adolescents has significantly decreased. However, notable age-and gender-based disparities persist, necessitating focused efforts to sustain gains in IDA prevention and control among children under 5 years of age, while addressing the resurgence of IDA among adolescent females.Further exploration of tailored nutrition strategies and comprehensive measures is essential.更多还原