【摘要】 立足“保障义务教育优质均衡发展”和“建立健全特殊教育评价制度”的时代背景，基于教育公平视角，采用熵权TOPSIS法构建义务教育阶段特殊教育优质均衡发展指数，并对2023年31个省份的截面数据进行水平测度。研究发现：全国义务教育阶段特殊教育发展呈现稳中向好态势，空间格局表现力“领势型”和“强势型”省份较少、“迎势型”和“蓄势型”省份居多，呈现出“东高中平而西低”与“中趋同而东西异”的地区特征，展现出教育机会供给良好、资源配置差异显著、教育质量亟待提升的发展样态。未来应打通教育机会覆盖的“最后一公里”，优化教育资源配置的“全国一盘棋”，落实教育质量监测的“和而不同”。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the era of“ensuring the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education”and“establishing and improving the special education evaluation system”,and from the perspective of educational equity,this study uses the entropy-weight TOPSIS method to construct the index for the high-quality and balanced development of special education in the compulsory education stage. It further measures the development level using cross-sectional data from 31 provinces in China for 2023. The findings reveal that the national development shows a stable yet improving trend,with fewer“leading”and“strong”provinces,and more“catching up”and“accumulating strength”provinces,reflecting a spatial pattern. Regional characteristics indicate that the eastern regions are relatively high and stable,while the western regions lag behind,and the central region tends to converge with the east,but still differs from the west. This pattern suggests that while educational opportunities are adequately supplied,resource allocation disparities remain significant,and the quality of education urgently needs improvement. Moving forward,it is essential to bridge the“last mile”of educational opportunity coverage,optimize the“national coordinated approach”to resource allocation,and implement“seeking balance and diversity”in education quality monitoring.更多还原