【摘要】 公路隧道结构稳定性直接影响行车安全。为实时监测隧道变形情况并及时消除安全隐患，减少事故发生的概率，文章提出一种基于车载激光点云的隧道拱顶变形监测的方法。通过提取隧道中轴线与连续横断面，改进点到面的最近点配准和精度评估方法，实现高精度形变分析。具体步骤包括：（1）采用多视角投影和中值法提取隧道中轴线，利用中轴线点的局部相似性拟合法平面并裁切隧道横断面；（2）对隧道横断面分区，通过法向与径向约束对分区后的横断面进行配准，并根据分区配准精度加权迭代计算配准结果。结果表明，该方法在复杂场景中的配准精度较ICP和K4PCS算法分别提升19%和79%，能够准确反映公路隧道的变形，为公路隧道运营安全提供重要保障。更多还原

【Abstract】 The structural stability of highway tunnels directly affects traffic safety. To monitor tunnel deformation in real time, eliminate potential safety hazards, and reduce the risk of accidents, this paper proposes a method for monitoring tunnel crown deformation based on vehicle-mounted laser point clouds. The method involves extracting the tunnel central axis and continuous cross-sections, improving point-to-plane nearest-point registration and precision evaluation techniques for accurate deformation analysis. The main steps are as follows:(1) the tunnel central axis is extracted using multi-view projection and median method, followed by fitting normal planes based on the local similarity of central axis points to clip tunnel cross-sections;(2) the tunnel cross-sections are partitioned and registered with normal and radial constraints, and the registration result is computed iteratively by weighting the registration accuracy of each partition. Experimental results show that this method improves registration accuracy by 19%and 79% over ICP and K4PCS algorithms respectively under complex scenarios. It effectively reflects highway tunnel deformation and provides important technical support for tunnel operation safety.更多还原