【摘要】 铅(Pb²⁺)污染已成为全球性环境问题，铅(Pb²⁺)的生态毒性和生物累积性对生态系统及人类健康构成严重威胁。当前，在污染修复技术体系中，微生物修复因其环境友好性和经济性优势备受关注。土壤环境中真菌-矿物相互作用，并通过生物地球化学过程显著调控重金属离子的环境行为。然而，目前关于真菌（黑曲霉）-矿物复合体系影响铅污染修复效能的研究较少。基于此，研究通过设置不同黑曲霉-矿物配比，系统测定溶液pH值、有效磷质量浓度、黑曲霉生物量、酸性磷酸酶活性、草酸质量浓度及Pb²⁺去除率等关键指标，探究黑曲霉-矿物复合体系修复铅(Pb²⁺)污染的效能。结果表明，黑曲霉对Pb²⁺具有较强的抗逆性，能够在强酸性（pH=2.5）和高质量浓度Pb²⁺污染(Pb²⁺质量浓度为500 mg/L)环境中生存并保持代谢活性；黑曲霉代谢可调控环境pH值，使溶液的pH值维持在2.2左右；不同处理组黑曲霉-矿物复合体系对Pb²⁺的去除率均达99.9%以上，且在特定黑曲霉孢子悬液添加量（1 mL）条件下，该复合体系展现出最优污染修复性能。研究可为重金属污染微生物修复技术提供重要的理论支撑和实践参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Lead(Pb²⁺) pollution has become a global environmental issue, posing serious threats to ecosystems and human health due to its ecological toxicity and bioaccumulation. Among current pollution remediation technologies, microbial remediation has attracted much attention for its eniromental friendliness and cost-effectiveness. In soil environments, fungi-mineral interactions are widespread, and they significantly regulate the environmental behavior of heavy metal ions through biogeochemical processes. However, there is limited research on how the fungus（Aspergillus niger）-mineral composite system affects the efficiency of lead pollution remediation. To address this issue, this study systematically measured key indicators, including solution pH, available phosphorus concentration, Aspergillus niger biomass, acid phosphatase activity, oxalic acid content, and Pb²⁺removal rate,by setting different Aspergillus niger-mineral ratios to explore the remediation efficiency of the Aspergillus niger-mineral composite system for Pb²⁺pollution. The results indicate that Aspergillus niger exhibits strong resistance to Pb²⁺, capable of surviving and maintaining metabolic activity in a strongly acidic environment（pH=2.5） and high Pb²⁺concentrations(Pb²⁺=500 mg/L). The metabolism of Aspergillus niger can regulate the environmental pH, keeping the solution pH around 2.2. The Pb²⁺ removal rate of the Aspergillus niger-mineral composite system exceeded 99.9% in all treatment groups, and under the specific condition of a specific addition amount of Aspergillus niger spore suspension（1mL）, the composite system exhibited the optimal pollution remediation performance. This study provides important theoretical support and practical references for microbial remediation technologies of heavy metal pollution.更多还原