【摘要】 随着cART的广泛应用，HIV耐药问题逐渐成为影响全球艾滋病防治成效的关键挑战。流行病学调查显示，我国HIV传播性耐药流行率近年来不断攀升，2023年已达11.4%，部分地区超过20%，以NNRTI耐药最为常见。耐药问题不仅会影响个体的治疗效果和预后，更会加剧传播风险，对公共卫生安全构成重大威胁。为应对这一挑战，中国性病艾滋病防治协会组织临床及疾控领域专家，基于最新国际指南、高质量临床证据及我国现实国情制定了本共识。共识全面梳理了HIV耐药的概念、流行现状，并对HIV耐药的临床管理，尤其是抗病毒治疗提出具体推荐意见。本共识旨在为医务人员提供系统化、可操作的临床实践依据，以期切实提高我国HIV耐药防控水平，助力终结艾滋病流行目标的实现。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the widespread use of combination antiretroviral therapy(cART), drug resistance has become a critical challenge that undermines the effectiveness of global human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) prevention and control. Epidemiological surveys indicate that the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance in China has continued to increase in recent years, reaching 11.4% in 2023 and exceeding 20% in some regions, with resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NNRTIs) being most common. HIV drug resistance not only compromises individual treatment outcomes and prognosis but also increases the risk of onward transmission, posing a serious threat to public health. To address this challenge, the Chinese Association of Sexually Transmitted Disease(STD) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS) Prevention and Control convened a panel of experts in clinical practice and disease control to develop a consensus based on the latest international guidelines, high-quality clinical evidence, and real-world conditions in China. It provides an overview of key concepts and the epidemiology of HIV resistance and offers actionable recommendations for clinical management, particularly regarding antiretroviral therapy. The goal is to provide healthcare professionals with a structured, practical reference for clinical practice, thereby strengthening the prevention and control of HIV drug resistance in China and contributing to ending the AIDS epidemic.更多还原