【摘要】 为研究不同中药渣对秸秆发酵特性及温室气体排放的影响，以3只装有瘤胃瘘管的成年湘东黑山羊作为瘤胃液供体动物，设计9×2+1两因素完全随机试验，将9种中药渣（白术、柴胡、甘草、黄柏、黄连、黄芪、肉桂皮、山银花和玄参）分别按0.5%和1.0%的水平添加到玉米秸秆中，测定产气量、瘤胃发酵参数、微生物蛋白产量MCP、代谢能ME以及CH₄和H₂的产量。结果表明，相对对照组，添加白术、黄连和肉桂皮可显著提高秸秆理论最大产气量（V_f;P<0.0001）,添加肉桂皮显著提高起始降解速率（FRD₀）（P<0.05）。添加中药渣显著降低发酵液pH（P<0.05）,添加1.0%水平中药渣的pH和NH₃-N浓度显著高于0.5%水平（P<0.05）。黄连处理显著提高NH₃-N浓度（P<0.05）,白术和黄连组的ME和MCP产量显著增加（P<0.05）。添加白术、黄连、黄芪、肉桂皮和山银花相比对照组显著提高了CH₄和H₂的V_f（P<0.0001）,9种中药渣中白术、黄连、黄芪和肉桂皮的CH₄-V_f值显著高于玄参、黄柏和柴胡（P<0.05）,H₂-V_f值显著高于山银花（P<0.05）。黄芪、白术和肉桂皮组的CH₄产气分率（k）显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。综上所述，白术和黄连在本研究添加水平下可促进玉米秸秆的发酵效率及MCP合成，但可能不利于甲烷减排。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to investigate the effects of different herbal residues on straw fermentation characteristics and greenhouse gas emissions,a 9×2+1 two-factor completely randomized design was implemented using three adult Xiangdong black goats fitted with rumen fistulas as rumen fluid donors.Nine typesof herbal residues（Atractylodes macrocephala,AMac;Bupleuri Radix,BR; Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.,GUF;Phellodendron amurense Rupr,,PA;Coptidis Rhizoma,CR;Astragalus membranaceus,AMem;Cinnamomum cassia,CC;Lonicerae flos,LF;and Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl.,SNH） were added to corn stover at 0.5% and 1.0% levels.Parameters measured included gas production,rumen fermentation parameters,microbial crude protein（MCP） yield,metabolizable energy（ME）,and generation of CH₄ and H₂.The results demonstrated that,compared to the control group,supplementation with AMac,CR and CC significantly increased the theoretical maximum gas production（V_f;P<0.000 1）.CC also elevated the initial degradation rate（FRD₀;P<0.05）.Herbal residue addition significantly reduced fermentation liquid pH value（P<0.05）,with 1.0% treatments showing higher pH and NH₃-N concentrations than 0.5% treatments（P<0.05）.CR treatment increased NH₃-N concentration（P <0.05）,while AMac and CR groups exhibited significantly higher ME and MCP yields（P<0.05）.Supplementation with AMac,CR,AMem,CC,and LF significantly enhanced the V_f of CH₄ and H₂ relative to the control（P<0.000 1）.Among the nine herbs,AMac,CR,AMem,and CC displayed higher CH₄-V_f values than SNH,PA,and BR（P<0.05）,and their H₂-V_f values surpassed those of LF（P<0.05）.The CH₄ production rate constant（k） in AMem,AMac,and CC groups was significantly higher than that in the control（P<0.05）.In conclusion,at the tested inclusion levels,AMac and CR enhance fermentation efficiency and MCP synthesis in corn stover but may not contribute to methane mitigation.更多还原