【摘要】 三山五园是清代皇家园林集群的典型代表，其园区内留存的古树是重要的文化遗产。本研究以北京三山五园地区范围内的古树名木为对象，在全国古树名木资源第二次普查的基础上，结合历史文献与空间分析，探究了其资源特征、空间分布格局及影响因素。结果表明，该地区古树分布以二级为主，占比达94.35%。古树种类集中，以侧柏、桧柏、油松3种乡土裸子植物为主，占比分别达79.30%、10.09%、7.15%,整体树龄结构呈“偏态分布”。整体空间分布呈现以各皇家园林及寺庙为核心的显著聚集模式(NNI=0.18),形成与皇家园林轴线吻合的“一轴三区多点”格局。研究发现，古树分布受种植时皇家礼制与佛教文化定向选择，以及清代养护制度、近代战乱影响和现代保护政策的持续干预。在古树动态变化上，2017—2117年预计1 202株二级古树级别发生变动，长期来看，二级古树的数量及占比仍保持相对稳定。研究成果为三山五园地区古树名木的精准保护与文化遗产价值挖掘提供了参考，对历史园林生态保护与文化传承具有实践参考意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Three Mountains and Five Gardens are typical representatives of the Qing Dynasty royal garden cluster, and the ancient trees left in the park are important cultural heritage.This study assesses the ancient and valuable trees in the area of Three Mountains and Five Gardens in Beijing.On the basis of the second census of the nationwide resources of the ancient and valuable trees, combined with the historical documents and spatial analyses, it explored its resource characteristics, spatial distribution pattern and its influencing factors.The results show that the distribution of ancient trees in the region is mainly in the second grade, accounting for 94.35%.The ancient tree species are concentrated, with three kinds of native gymnosperms, namely, lateral cypress, juniper, and oil pine, accounting for 79.30%,10.09% and 7.15% respectively, and the overall age structure of the trees is “skewed distribution”.The overall spatial distribution showed a significant aggregation pattern mainly centered on various royal gardens and temples(NNI=0.18),forming a pattern of “One axis, three zones and multiple points” coinciding with the axis of the royal gardens.The study found that the distribution of ancient trees was subject to the directional selection of royal rituals and Buddhist culture at the time of planting, as well as the continuous intervention of the conservation system in the Qing Dynasty, the impact of war in recent times, and the modern conservation policy.In addition, in terms of changes in the dynamics of ancient trees, 1 202 grade Ⅱ ancient trees are expected to change in grade in 2017-2117,and in the long term, the number and percentage of grade Ⅱ ancient trees will remain relatively stable.The research results provide a reference for the precise protection and cultural heritage value excavation of old and valuable trees in the Three Mountains and Five Gardens area, and have practical reference significance for the ecological protection and cultural inheritance of historical gardens.更多还原