【摘要】 探究冠层微环境对板栗成熟情况的影响，并对冠层果实成熟较晚的区域喷施乙烯利催熟，为实现冠层不同区域板栗同期成熟、便于机械化采收提供依据。以河北省迁西县主栽板栗‘燕山早丰’为研究对象，树冠分为上、中、下3层及东、西、南、北4个方位，共12个区域。从板栗膨大期至成熟期测定冠层不同区域微环境因子。每日记录冠层不同区域球苞开裂情况，分析开裂期和成熟期的果实成熟差异。将球苞开裂情况与微环境因子进行相关性分析，并对果实成熟期较晚的区域喷施乙烯利促进果实成熟一致。结果表明，冠层不同区域光强存在极显著差异，温度和湿度均无显著差异。光照强度和温度的总趋势是从下而上、由北向南逐渐增强，南向上层与北向下层光强最大，差异达56.40 klx。湿度为下层>中层>上层，由南到北湿度呈增大趋势。不同冠层之间球苞开裂期起始时间相差1～5 d,北向冠层普遍晚于其他方向2～6 d。成熟期起始时间不同冠层之间相差1～6 d,不同方位之间相差2～6 d。下部冠层和北向中部果实成熟均晚于其他冠层；光照强度与球苞开裂期、成熟期呈极显著负相关，而与球苞开裂率呈极显著正相关。温度与板栗成熟期呈极显著正相关。湿度与板栗开裂率呈极显著负相关。喷施200 mg/L乙烯利能够使板栗各冠层成熟期提前1～4 d,缩短成熟期1～3 d。板栗冠层不同区域果实成熟情况存在差异，建议在上层球苞出现微黄时(8月22日)对下部冠层和北向中部冠层果实喷施200 mg/L乙烯利以促进成熟，并在果实微开裂时采用树上机械采收。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study investigated the effects of canopy microenvironment on chestnut fruit ripening and explored the use of ethephon to promote uniform maturity in delayed canopy regions, thereby facilitating mechanized harvesting.The main planted chestnut ‘Yanshanzaofeng’ in Qiangxi County, Hebei Province, was used as the research object, and the canopy was divided into upper, middle and lower layers and four directions, east, west, south and north, with a total of 12 areas.Microenvironmental factors were measured in different regions of the canopy from chestnut expansion to ripening.Bulb dehiscence was recorded daily in different regions of the canopy, and fruit ripening differences between dehiscence and ripening were analysed.Bulb dehiscence was correlated with microenvironmental factors, and areas with late fruit ripening were sprayed with ethylene glycol to promote consistent fruit ripening.There were highly significant differences in light intensity in different areas of the canopy, and no significant differences in temperature or humidity.The general trend of light intensity and temperature was from bottom to top, gradually increasing from north to south, with the maximum difference in light intensity between the upper south-facing layer and the lower north-facing layer amounting to 56.40 klx.The humidity was lower>middle>upper, with a trend of increasing humidity from south to north.The onset of bulb dehiscence varied from 1 to 4 d between canopies, and was generally 2-6 d later in north-facing canopies than in other directions.The onset of maturity varied from 1 to 6 d between canopies and from 2 to 6 d between orientations.Fruit ripened later in the lower canopy and in the north-facing centre than in the other canopies.light intensity was highly significantly negatively correlated with bulb dehiscence and ripening, while it was highly significantly positively correlated with bulb dehiscence rate.Spraying 200 mg/L ethylene glycol can advance the ripening period of chestnut crowns by 1-4 d and shorten the ripening period by 5-6 d.There are differences in fruit ripening in different regions of the chestnut canopy, and it is recommended that 200 mg/L ethylene glycol be sprayed on the lower canopy and northward central canopy fruits to promote ripening when the upper bulb appears to be slightly yellow(22 August),and that tree machinery be used for harvesting the fruits when they are slightly dehiscent.更多还原