【摘要】 清末民初，达尔文的生物进化论传入中国，为当时的社会变革、民族进步、科学革新输入了强劲思想动力。钩沉大量报刊书籍和史料，考察晚清以来社会历史语境中生物进化论的译介过程，考据其由在华西人肇始传入中国，然后由严复和马君武为先导“异化”为赫伯特·斯宾塞的社会进化论，最终由生物学家周建人译介《物种起源》回归其自然科学属性，促进了现代科学观与方法论的传播。生物进化论在中国的译介与传播呈现三个鲜明特征：晚清生物进化论的社会化传播属于启蒙期，民国初期回归生物进化论属于发轫期，民国中后期改造升级为现代科学属于完善期。严复、马君武和周建人对进化论的接力翻译，揭示了进化论知识对中国人的科学认知影响的渐进式程度和性质，同时呈现科学现代性在中国的发生和发展。在中国科学翻译史上，周建人是进化论在中国译介和传播的关键人物，对其翻译生涯和重要贡献展开全方位的研究不仅在于为他的翻译家身份正名，更是在我国启动翻译博士专业学位建设之际，有助于促进我国翻译教育和翻译学科建设的守正创新和转型升级。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, the Theory of Evolution,spearheaded by Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species embarked on its journey in China, injecting strong intellectual impetus to the country’s social change,national progress and scientific innovation. This article examines the translation and introduction of the Theory of Evolution in the social and historical context of Modern China by delving into a large number of newspapers, books, and historical materials and investigates its onset in China by the westerners in China,followed by Yan Fu and Ma Junwu as pioneers who“alienated” it into Herbert Spencer’s evolutionary theory and culminated with the translation and introduction of On the Origin of Species by biologist Zhou Jianren to restore its nature of natural science to promote the dissemination of modern scientific concept and methodology. The translation and dissemination of the Theory of Evolution in China exhibit three distinct characteristics: the socio-cultural dissemination in the late Qing Dynasty represents the enlightenment phase, the reversion to biological evolutionism in the early Republic of China constitutes the inception phase, and its transformation into modern scientific paradigms during the mid-to-late Republican China period marks the consolidation phase. The relay translation efforts by Yan Fu, Ma Junwu, and Zhou Jianren reveal the progressive trajectory and substantive nature of the theory’s impact on Chinese scientific cognition, simultaneously illuminating the emergence and development of scientific modernity in China.In the history of science translation, Zhou Jianren stands as a pivotal figure in the introduction and dissemination of the Theory of Evolution in China. A comprehensive examination of his translational career and contributions serves not only to affirm his identity as a master translator, but also holds significance at this critical juncture of China’s establishment of the Doctor of Translation and Interpreting( DTI) program—a program designed to integrate translational expertise with domain knowledge—in promoting the principled innovation and transformative development of China’s translation education and disciplinary construction.更多还原