【摘要】 【目的】建立基于液体培养金耳（Tremella aurantialba,T. aurantialba）菌丝体的高效硒生物强化策略，提高金耳硒的生物富集能力。【方法】分析液体培养硒生物强化过程中，Na₂SeO₃对金耳菌丝体生长表型、代谢及富硒特性的影响。【结果】添加质量分数分别为5、10 mg/kg的Na₂SeO₃会促进金耳菌丝体生长，而Na₂SeO₃质量分数>10 mg/kg可明显抑制金耳菌丝体生长，且抑制作用随Na₂SeO₃质量分数的升高而增强。因此，选择Na₂SeO₃质量分数为5 mg/kg和10 mg/kg，以金耳菌丝体富硒量和生物富集因子（bioconcentration factor,BCF）为主要指标，通过单因素和正交试验对硒生物强化工艺参数进行优化。结果表明，Na₂SeO₃质量分数为5mg/kg时，金耳菌丝体的最佳培养条件为：Na₂SeO₃添加时间为第4天，接种体积分数为2.25%,pH为6，转速为150 r/min;Na₂SeO₃质量分数为10 mg/kg时，金耳菌丝体的最佳培养条件为：Na₂SeO₃添加时间为第3天，接种体积分数为2.25%,pH为7，转速为125 r/min。在Na₂SeO₃质量分数分别为5、10 mg/kg的最佳培养条件下，金耳菌丝体富硒量分别为148.24、239.47 mg/kg，较优化前分别提高了26.45%、38.71%;BCF分别为68.42%、51.05%，较优化前分别提高了53.89%、55.31%。此外，富硒金耳菌丝体营养成分分析结果表明，硒元素主要与蛋白质结合（>60%）；硒的添加不仅可以维持金耳菌丝体蛋白质的营养价值，还提高了鲜味氨基酸（天冬氨酸和谷氨酸）水平；SeMet是金耳菌丝体的主要硒代氨基酸。【结论】该研究为金耳在食药用真菌富硒和开发天然硒膳食补充剂领域提供了参考依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] This study aims to establish an efficient selenium biofortification strategy based on the liquid culture of Tremella aurantialba（T. aurantialba） mycelia to enhance its selenium enrichment capacity. [Method] The changes of growth phenotype, metabolic behavior, and selenium enrichment characteristics of T. aurantialba mycelia were analyzed during the Na₂ SeO₃-induced selenium biofortification process in liquid culture. [Result] Addition of 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg Na₂ SeO₃ promoted mycelium growth, whereas Na₂ SeO₃ with the mass fraction exceeding 10 mg/kg significantly inhibited the growth of T. aurantialba mycelia, with the inhibitory effect intensifying as Na₂ SeO₃ mass fraction increased. Therefore, 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg of Na₂ SeO₃ were selected. With the selenium-enrichment level and the bioconcentration factor（BCF） of the T. aurantialba mycelia as the primary indicators, single factor and orthogonal experiments were conducted to optimize the selenium biofortification parameters. The results demonstrated that in the case of the Na₂ SeO₃ mass fraction being 5 mg/kg, the optimal culture conditions for T. aurantialba mycelia were Na₂ SeO₃ addition on the 4 th day, inoculum volume fraction of 2.25%, pH 6, and rotational speed of 150 r/min. In the case of the Na₂ SeO₃ mass fraction being 10 mg/kg, the optimal culture conditions were Na₂ SeO₃ addition on the 3 rd day, inoculum volume fraction of 2.25%, pH 7, and rotational speed of 125 r/min. Under these optimized conditions and the Na₂ SeO₃ mass fractions being 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, T. aurantialba mycelia achieved selenium-enrichment levels of 148.24 mg/kg and 239.47 mg/kg, respectively, representing increases by 26.45% and 38.71% compared with those before optimization. Furthermore, the BCF reached 68.42% and 51.05%, which indicated improvements by 53.89% and 55.31%. Additionally, the analysis of the nutrient composition of selenium-enriched T. aurantialba mycelia revealed that proteins were the primary binding agents for selenium（>60%）. The addition of selenium not only preserved the nutritional value of T. aurantialba mycelial protein but also enhanced the levels of umami amino acids（aspartate and glutamate）. Moreover, SeMet was found to be the predominant selenium form in T. aurantialba mycelia. [Conclusion] This study provides a reference for future endeavors in enriching selenium in T. aurantialba for both edible and medicinal purposes and developing natural dietary supplements containing selenium.更多还原