【摘要】 目的 分析全国精神专科医院建设现状。方法 采用结构化调研问卷针对全国范围的199所精神专科医院及其中20所省级精神专科医院进行调查。结果 全国精神专科医院存在“等级低、规模小、区域差异大”的结构性矛盾。近十年有基建项目启动的医院占比不足21%,且以50 000 m~2以下的中小规模项目为主，投资额度普遍低于5亿元；在资金结构上，46.3%医院的项目完全依赖于财政拨款，仅少数医院具备完全自筹能力；部分已建项目在提升学术平台建设、保障运行安全与改善设备效能等方面初见成效，但在智慧化基础设施建设与信息集成等方面普遍滞后。“人才短缺”和“资金不足”已经成为医院发展面临的主要瓶颈。结论 精神专科医院作为精神卫生服务体系的核心支撑单位，亟需优化建设标准体系，加大财政支持，强化智慧化转型。应从政策、标准、设计与投融资机制等方面协同推进，构建精神专科医院发展新格局。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the current construction status of psychiatric specialty hospitals across China. Methods A structured survey questionnaire was employed to investigate 199 psychiatric specialty hospitals nationwide, including 20 provincial-level ones. Results China’s psychiatric specialty hospitals exhibit structural contradictions characterized by "low grades, small scales, and significant regional disparities". Less than 21% of hospitals have initiated infrastructure projects in the past decade, with most being small-to medium-sized projects under 50 000 square meters and investments generally below 500 million yuan. Regarding funding structure, 46.3% of projects rely entirely on government appropriations, with only a few hospitals demonstrating full self-financing capability. Some completed projects have shown initial success in enhancing academic platform development, ensuring operational safety, and improving equipment efficiency, but generally lag in smart infrastructure development and information integration and maintenance. "Talent shortages" and "insufficient funding" have emerged as primary bottlenecks for hospital development. Conclusion As core components of the mental health service system, psychiatric specialty hospitals urgently require optimized construction standards, increased financial support, and strengthened smart transformation. A collaborative approach encompassing policies, standards, design, and investment/financing mechanisms should be adopted to foster a new development paradigm for psychiatric specialty hospitals.更多还原